# US 2014/0197900 A1 · Systems and methods for impedance switching > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2014/0197900 A1 - Document ID: US20140197900A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 13/831,312 - Filed: 2013-03-14 - Published: 2014-07-17 - Earliest claimed: 2013-01-16 - Assignees: Broadcom Corporation - Applicants: Broadcom Corporation - Inventors: Shriram KALUSALINGAM; Massimo BRANDOLINI - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20140197900A1 ## CPC - H03L 7/16: Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop - H03B 5/1215: {the current source or degeneration circuit being in common to both transistors of the pair, e.g. a cross-coupled long-tailed pair} - H03B 5/1228: {the amplifier comprising one or more field effect transistors} - H03B 5/1265: {switched capacitors} - H03F 1/00: Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements - H03H 7/0153: {Electrical filters; Controlling thereof} - H03J 2200/10: Tuning of a resonator by means of digitally controlled capacitor bank - H03L 2207/50: All digital phase-locked loop - H03L: AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES (generation of oscillations H03B) - H03B: GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS (generators adapted for electrophonic musical instruments G10H; masers or lasers H01S; generation of oscillations in plasma H05H) - H03F: AMPLIFIERS - H03H: IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS (waveguides, resonators, lines or other devices of the waveguide type H01P) - H03J: TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS ## Abstract Systems and methods for switching impedance are provided. In some aspects, a system includes first and second impedance elements and an impedance switch module, which includes a third impedance element coupled between the first and second impedance elements and a switch parallel to the third impedance element. The switch is coupled between the first and second impedance elements, and is configured to switch between an open configuration and a closed configuration. An electrical path is completed between the first impedance element and the second impedance element via the first switch in the closed configuration. The electrical path is not completed in the open configuration. A total impedance of the first impedance element, the second impedance element, and the impedance switch module is varied based on the switching between the open configuration and the closed configuration. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An impedance switching system, the system comprising: a first impedance element; a second impedance element; and an impedance switch module comprising: a third impedance element coupled between the first impedance element and the second impedance element; and a first switch parallel to the third impedance element and coupled between the first impedance element and the second impedance element, the first switch being configured to switch between an open configuration and a closed configuration, wherein an electrical path is completed between the first impedance element and the second impedance element via the first switch in the closed configuration, wherein the electrical path is not completed in the open configuration, and wherein a total impedance of the first impedance element, the second impedance element, and the impedance switch module is varied based on the switching between the open configuration and the closed configuration. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein each of the first impedance element, the second impedance element, and the third impedance element comprises at least one of a capacitor and a resistor. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the first impedance element is coupled to a first node at which a first voltage swing is generated, wherein the third impedance element and the first switch are coupled to the first impedance element at a second node, wherein the third impedance element and the first switch are coupled to the second impedance element at a third node, and wherein the second impedance element is coupled to a fourth node at which a second voltage swing is generated. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The system of claim 3, wherein a magnitude of at least one of the first impedance element, the second impedance element, and the third impedance element is selected such that (i) the first voltage swing is attenuated at the second node to be less than or equal to a maximum operating voltage of the first switch and (ii) the second voltage swing is attenuated at the third node to be less than or equal to the maximum operating voltage of the first switch. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The system of claim 3, wherein a magnitude of the first impedance element is equal to a magnitude of the second impedance element, and wherein a magnitude of the third impedance element is greater than the magnitude of the first impedance element. ### Claim 6 (depends on 3) The system of claim 3, wherein the second voltage swing is at least equal to a third voltage swing that can be generated at the fourth node if a second switch, having a minimum channel length that is greater than a minimum channel length of the first switch, were coupled to the first impedance element at the first node and to the second impedance element at the third node instead of the third impedance element and the first switch. ### Claim 7 (depends on 3) The system of claim 3, wherein the second voltage swing is at least equal to a third voltage swing that can be generated at the fourth node if a second switch, having a maximum operating voltage that is greater than a maximum operating voltage of the first switch, were coupled to the first impedance element at the first node and to the second impedance element at the third node instead of the third impedance element and the first switch. ### Claim 8 (depends on 3) An oscillator comprising: the system of claim 3, wherein each of the first impedance element, the second impedance element, and the third impedance element comprises a capacitor; and an inductor unit parallel to the system and coupled to the system at the first node and the fourth node, the inductor unit comprising one or more inductors. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The oscillator of claim 8, further comprising a circuit coupled to the system and the inductor unit, the circuit being configured to generate the first voltage swing and to produce the second voltage swing at a target phase and a target frequency. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The oscillator of claim 9, wherein the first switch comprises a first transistor device, wherein the circuit comprises one or more second transistor devices, and wherein a minimum channel length of the first transistor device is less than a minimum channel length of each of the one or more second transistor devices. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The oscillator of claim 9, wherein the first switch comprises a first transistor device, wherein the circuit comprises one or more second transistor devices, and wherein a maximum operating voltage of the first transistor device is less than a maximum operating voltage of each of the one or more second transistor devices. ### Claim 12 (depends on 8) A digital phase locked loop (DPLL) comprising: a digital controller configured to generate a switching signal; and the oscillator of claim 8, wherein the first switch comprises a first transistor device having a first terminal coupled to the second node, a second terminal coupled to the third node, and a third terminal configured to receive the switching signal, and wherein the first switch is configured to switch between the open configuration and the closed configuration based on the switching signal. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The DPLL of claim 12, wherein the digital controller is configured to receive the first voltage swing or the second voltage swing from the fourth node and to generate the switching signal based on the first voltage swing or the second voltage swing. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The DPLL of claim 12, wherein the digital controller is configured to generate the switching signal such that the first voltage swing and the second voltage swing is produced at a target phase and a target frequency. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The DPLL of claim 12, wherein the digital controller is configured to increase a frequency of the switching signal, the increase in the frequency of the switching signal resulting in a decrease in phase noise of the DPLL. ### Claim 16 A method for switching impedances, the method comprising: providing a first impedance element and a second impedance element; providing an impedance switch module comprising: a third impedance element coupled between the first impedance element and the second impedance element; and a first switch parallel to the third impedance element and coupled between the first impedance element and the second impedance element; switching the first switch between an open configuration and a closed configuration, wherein an electrical path is completed between the first impedance element and the second impedance element via the first switch in the closed configuration, and wherein the electrical path is not completed in the open configuration; and varying a total impedance of the first impedance element, the second impedance element, and the impedance switch module based on the switching between the open configuration and the closed configuration. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, further comprising: coupling the first impedance element to a first node at which a first voltage swing is generated, wherein the third impedance element and the first switch are coupled to the first impedance element at a second node, wherein the third impedance element and the first switch are coupled to the second impedance element at a third node; coupling the second impedance element to a fourth node at which a second voltage swing is generated; and varying at least one of a phase and a frequency of the first voltage swing and the second voltage swing based on the switching. ### Claim 18 A capacitance partitioning system, the system comprising: a first capacitor; a second capacitor; and a capacitance partitioning module comprising: a third capacitor coupled between the first capacitor and the second capacitor; and a first switch parallel to the third capacitor and coupled between the first capacitor and the second capacitor, the first switch being configured to switch between an open configuration and a closed configuration, wherein an electrical path is completed between the first capacitor and the second capacitor via the first switch in the closed configuration, wherein the electrical path is not completed in the open configuration, and wherein a total capacitance of the first capacitor, the second capacitor, and the capacitance partitioning module is varied based on the switching between the open configuration and the closed configuration. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The capacitance partitioning system of claim 18, wherein the first switch comprises a first transistor device having a maximum operating voltage of less than or equal to 1 volt. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The capacitance partitioning system of claim 18, wherein the first switch comprises a first transistor device having a minimum channel length of less than or equal to 28 nanometers.