# US 2014/0193072 A1 · Adaptive background estimation > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2014/0193072 A1 - Document ID: US20140193072A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 14/130,129 - Filed: 2012-06-12 - Published: 2014-07-10 - Earliest claimed: 2011-06-30 - Assignees: University of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. - Inventors: Jose Carlos Principe; Goktug Tankut Cinar - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20140193072A1 ## CPC - G06T 7/11: Region-based segmentation - G06T 7/143: involving probabilistic approaches, e.g. Markov random field [MRF] modelling - G06T 7/194: involving foreground-background segmentation - G06T: IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL ## Abstract Various methods and systems are provided for adaptive background estimation. In one embodiment, among others, a signal processing device includes at least one processing unit and a memory storing a background estimation system executable in the at least one processing unit. The background estimation system, when executed, causes the signal processing device to separate foreground objects from at least one image frame in a sequence of image frames based at least in part upon a correntropy cost function. In another embodiment, a method includes obtaining an image frame from a sequence of image frames; performing correntropy filtering on the image frame to separate foreground objects from the image frame; and providing the foreground objects for rendering. The correntropy filtering may adapt to compensate for diffusion effects in the image frame. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A signal processing device, comprising: at least one processing unit; and a memory storing a background estimation system executable in the at least one processing unit, the background estimation system comprising code that when executed by the at least one processing unit cause the signal processing device to separate foreground objects from at least one image frame in a sequence of image frames based at least in part upon a correntropy cost function. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The signal processing device of claim 1, wherein the background estimation system further comprises code that when executed by the at least one processing unit cause the signal processing device to initialize a background based upon an initial image frame in the sequence of image frames. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The signal processing device of claim 2, wherein the background is adapted based at least in part upon the correntropy cost function to provide an estimated background. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The signal processing device of claim 3, wherein the background estimation system is configured to provide a foreground image frame including the foreground images for rendering on a display device. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The signal processing device of claim 4, wherein the background estimation system is further configured to provide an estimated background image frame for rendering on the display device. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The signal processing device of claim 5, wherein the at least one image frame, the foreground image frame, and the estimated background image frame are provided for concurrent rendering on the display device. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The signal processing device of claim 1, wherein the background estimation system causes the signal processing device to separate foreground objects from each image frame in the sequence of image frames based at least in part upon the correntropy cost function. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The signal processing device of claim 7, wherein the correntropy cost function compensates for diffusion in the sequence of image frames. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The signal processing device of claim 8, wherein the correntropy cost function adaptively compensated for diffusion in the sequence of image frames. ### Claim 10 (depends on 7) The signal processing device of claim 7, wherein the background estimation system provides a sequence of foreground image frames including the foreground images separated from a corresponding image frame in the sequence of image frames for rendering on a display device. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The signal processing device of claim 1, wherein a correntropy filter module is used to separate foreground objects. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The signal processing device of claim 1, wherein the sequence of image frames is obtained by the signal processing device from a source in real time and foreground objects are separated from each image frame in real time. ### Claim 13 A method, comprising: obtaining, by a signal processing device, an image frame from a sequence of image frames; performing, by the signal processing device, correntropy filtering on the image frame to separate foreground objects from the image frame; and providing, by the signal processing device, the foreground objects for rendering. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, further comprising: obtaining, by the signal processing device, an initial image frame from the sequence of image frames; and initializing the background based upon the initial image frame. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, further comprising adapting the background based at least in part upon the correntropy filtering on the image frame. ### Claim 16 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, wherein obtaining an image frame and performing correntropy filtering on the image frame is repeated for each frame in the sequence of image frames. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein the signal processing device obtains the next image frame in the sequence of image frames while performing correntropy filtering on the image frame. ### Claim 18 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, further comprising adapting an estimated background based at least in part upon the correntropy filtering on the image frame. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, wherein the correntropy filtering adapts to compensate for diffusion in the image frame. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, further comprising providing the estimated background for rendering.