# US 2014/0192685 A1 · Dynamic selection of spectrum access in a spectrum sharing context > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2014/0192685 A1 - Document ID: US20140192685A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 13/736,177 - Filed: 2013-01-08 - Published: 2014-07-10 - Earliest claimed: 2013-01-08 - Assignees: Intel Corporation - Inventors: Markus Dominik Mueck; Reza Arefi; Srikathyayani Srikanteswara - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20140192685A1 ## CPC - H04W 72/04: Wireless resource allocation - H04L 5/1469: {using time-sharing} - H04W 16/14: Spectrum sharing arrangements {between different networks} - H04L 27/0006: {Assessment of spectral gaps suitable for allocating digitally modulated signals, e.g. for carrier allocation in cognitive radio (for spectrum sharing between different networks H04W16/14)} - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) ## Abstract Briefly, in accordance with one or more embodiments, a wireless system may be controlled to operate via time-division duplexing (TDD) in a first mode and operate via frequency-division duplexing (FDD) in a second mode. The mode of operation may be selected based at least in part on the available spectrum not utilized by a primary spectrum holder (PSH) in the vicinity of the wireless system. In one or more embodiments, control of operation between TDD and FDD, or between different realizations of the same duplex scheme, may be implemented by a cloud spectrum broker/controller, and in one or more alternative embodiments, control of operation between TDD and FDD may be implanted by the operator of the wireless system as an alternative spectrum holder (ASH). ## Claims ### Claim 1 A user equipment, comprising: a radio-frequency (RF) transceiver capable of operating via time-division duplexing (TDD) in a first mode and capable of operating via frequency-division duplexing (FDD) in a second mode; and a processor coupled to the RF transceiver for selecting a mode of operation of the RF transceiver to communicate with a first spectrum holder; the processor to select the mode of operation of the RF transceiver in response to available spectrum not utilized by a second spectrum holder other than the first spectrum holder. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A user equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor switches to a different mode of operation if the different mode better accommodates one or more requirements of the RF transceiver. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) A user equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor selects the first mode in response to receiving an indication that a larger amount of continuous available spectrum is not utilized by the second spectrum holder. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) A user equipment as claimed in claim 1, the RF transceiver further being capable of operating via simultaneous TDD and FDD operation via carrier aggregation, wherein the processor selects simultaneous TDD and FDD operation in response to receiving an indication that there is a combination of a differing amount of available spectrum not utilized by the second spectrum holder or a larger amount of continuous spectrum not utilized by the second spectrum holder. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) A user equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor dynamically switches between the first mode and the second mode in response to receiving an indication that spectrum utilized by the second spectrum holder is freed and made available to the network operator, or that spectrum not utilized by the second spectrum holder is reclaimed for use by the second spectrum holder. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) A user equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor switches from the second mode to the first mode if spectrum utilized by the second spectrum holder is freed and made available to the first spectrum holder. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) A user equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor maintains operation in the second mode and increases bandwidth utilized for the second mode if spectrum utilized by the second spectrum holder is freed and made available to the first spectrum holder. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) A user equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the RF transceiver is further capable of operating using simultaneous TDD and FDD operation, wherein the processor switches to simultaneous TDD and FDD operation if spectrum utilized by the second spectrum holder is freed and made available to the first spectrum holder. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) A user equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor switches from operation in the first mode to the second mode if spectrum not utilized by the second spectrum holder is reclaimed for use by the second spectrum holder. ### Claim 10 An apparatus to select between paired spectrum access and unpaired spectrum access, the apparatus comprising: a controller configured to allocate spectrum to one of paired spectrum access or unpaired spectrum access; and the controller being further configured to switch the allocation of the spectrum to the other of paired spectrum access or unpaired spectrum access in response to a change in spectrum usage. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) An apparatus as claimed in claim 10, further comprising a shared spectrum band usage history analysis entity to monitor past usage of a spectrum utilized by a first spectrum holder. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) An apparatus as claimed in claim 10, further comprising a shared spectrum band usage status analysis entity to indicate an upcoming change in spectrum utilization by the first spectrum holder. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) An apparatus as claimed in claim 10, further comprising a shared spectrum band access decision making entity, wherein the shared spectrum band access decision making entity decides between paired spectrum access and unpaired spectrum access for a first spectrum holder for spectrum not utilized by a second spectrum holder. ### Claim 14 A method, comprising: allocating spectrum to one of paired operation or unpaired operation by a first spectrum holder; and in response to a change in spectrum usage by a second spectrum holder, switching the allocation of the spectrum to the other of paired operation or unpaired operation. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) A method as claimed in claim 14, wherein paired operation comprises frequency-division duplexing (FDD) spectrum access, and unpaired operation comprises time-division duplexing (TDD) spectrum access, or wherein paired operation comprises paired time-division duplexing (TDD) spectrum access, and unpaired operation comprises unpaired time-division duplexing (TDD) spectrum access. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) A method as claimed in claim 14, further comprising selecting a combination of paired and unpaired operation using carrier aggregation. ### Claim 17 (depends on 14) A method as claimed in claim 14, wherein unpaired operation is selected if there is a larger amount of uninterrupted available spectrum not utilized by the second spectrum holder. ### Claim 18 (depends on 14) A method as claimed in claim 14, wherein paired operation is selected if there is a differing amount of available spectrum not utilized by the second spectrum holder. ### Claim 18 (depends on 14) A method as claimed in claim 14, said selecting comprising selecting a combination of simultaneous paired and unpaired using carrier aggregation if there is a combination of a differing amount of available spectrum not utilized by the second spectrum holder and a larger amount of uninterrupted spectrum not utilized by the second spectrum holder. ### Claim 19 (depends on 14) A method as claimed in claim 14, said selecting comprising dynamically switching between paired operation and unpaired operation as spectrum utilized by the second spectrum holder is freed and made available to the network operator, or as spectrum not utilized by the second spectrum holder is reclaimed for use by the second spectrum holder. ### Claim 20 (depends on 14) A method as claimed in claim 14, said selecting comprising switching from paired operation to unpaired operation if spectrum utilized by the second spectrum holder is freed and made available to the network operator. ### Claim 21 (depends on 14) A method as claimed in claim 14, said selecting comprising maintaining operation using paired operation and increasing bandwidth utilized for paired operation if spectrum utilized by the second spectrum holder is freed and made available to the network operator. ### Claim 22 (depends on 14) A method as claimed in claim 14, said selecting comprising selecting simultaneous paired and unpaired operation if spectrum utilized by the second spectrum holder is freed and made available to the network operator. ### Claim 23 (depends on 14) A method as claimed in claim 14, said selecting comprising switching from unpaired operation to paired operation if spectrum not utilized by the second spectrum holder is reclaimed for use by the second spectrum holder. ### Claim 24 An article of manufacture comprising a non-transitory storage medium having instructions stored thereon that, if executed, result in: controlling operation via time-division duplexing (TDD) in a first mode and operating via frequency-division duplexing (FDD) in a second mode; and selecting the mode of operation based at least in part on the available spectrum not utilized by a primary spectrum holder (PSH). ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 24, wherein the instructions, if executed, further result in selecting the second mode if there is a differing amount of available spectrum not utilized by the PSH. ### Claim 26 (depends on 24) An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 24, wherein the instructions, if executed, further result in wherein the processor selects the first mode if there is a larger amount of uninterrupted available spectrum not utilized by the PSH. ### Claim 27 (depends on 24) An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 24, wherein the instructions, if executed, further result in selecting operating in a combination of the first mode and the second mode via carrier aggregation if a differing amount of available spectrum is not utilized by the PSH and a larger amount of uninterrupted spectrum is not utilized by the PSH. ### Claim 28 (depends on 24) An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 24, wherein the instructions, if executed, further result in dynamically switching between the first mode or the second mode as spectrum utilized by the PSH is freed and made available to the network operator, or as spectrum not utilized by the PSH is reclaimed for use by the PSH. ### Claim 29 (depends on 24) An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 24, wherein the instructions, if executed, further result in switching from the second mode to the first mode if spectrum utilized by the PSH is freed and made available to the network operator. ### Claim 30 (depends on 24) An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 24, wherein the instructions, if executed, further result maintaining operation in the second mode and increasing bandwidth utilized for the second mode if spectrum utilized by the PSH is freed and made available to the network operator.