# US 2014/0192356 A1 · Arrangement and method for icing detection > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2014/0192356 A1 - Document ID: US20140192356A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 14/129,996 - Filed: 2012-06-15 - Published: 2014-07-10 - Earliest claimed: 2011-07-01 - Assignees: Teknologian tutkimuskeskus VTT Oy - Inventors: Petteri Antikainen; Andrea Vignaroli; Esa Peltola - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20140192356A1 ## CPC - G01W 1/02: Instruments for indicating weather conditions by measuring two or more variables, e.g. humidity, pressure, temperature, cloud cover or wind speed (G01W1/10 takes precedence) - G01N 21/538: {for determining atmospheric attenuation and visibility} - G01S 17/58: Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems - G01S 17/95: for meteorological use - G01W 1/04: giving only separate indications of the variables measured - G01N 2021/1795: {Atmospheric mapping of gases} - G01N 2021/4709: {Backscatter} - Y02A 90/10: Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation - Y02E 10/72: Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction - G01W: METEOROLOGY (radar, sonar, lidar or analogous systems, designed for meteorological use G01S13/95, G01S15/88, G01S17/95) - G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q) - G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Y02A: TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract A method for detecting atmospheric icing potential comprises emitting, by a lidar (light detection and ranging) entity (108a, 108b) such as a Doppler lidar entity, electromagnetic radiation to the atmosphere and receiving radiation backscattered from the aerosol, such as a cloud, present in the atmosphere (304), determining an indication of signal intensity, such as the CNR (carrier-to-noise ratio), on the basis of the received backscattered signal relative to one or more distances such as heights from a predetermined basic level such as the location of the lidar (306), comparing the indication of signal intensity with at least one predetermined reference in order to obtain an indication of the likelihood of cloud (110) presence at said one or more distances (308), and determining an indication of the icing potential at said number of distances on the basis of the comparison and an indication of the temperature at said one or more distances (310). An arrangement for executing the method is presented. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An arrangement (121), such as one or more devices, for the detection of atmospheric icing conditions comprising lidar (light detection and ranging) entity (108a, 108b, 108), such as a pulsed lidar, configured to emit electromagnetic radiation, optionally in a number of directions, to the atmosphere and to receive radiation backscattered from the aerosol, such as a cloud, present in the atmosphere, and a data processing entity (122) configured to obtain (126) at least one indication of signal intensity, such as the CNR (carrier-to-noise ratio) or other indicative parameter, on the basis of the received backscattered signal relative to a number of distances such as heights from a predetermined basic level such as the location of the lidar, further configured to compare (128) said at least one indication of signal intensity with at least one predetermined reference in order to obtain an indication of the likelihood of cloud presence at said number of distances, and configured to determine an indication of the icing potential (130) at said number of distances on the basis of the comparison and an indication of the temperature at said number of distances. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The arrangement of claim 1, wherein the lidar entity comprises Doppler lidar, preferably a Doppler heterodyne lidar. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The arrangement of claim 1, further configured to measure wind speed. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The arrangement of claim 1, wherein said at least reference indicates substantially clear or cloudy condition. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The arrangement of claim 1, further configured to characterize the icing potential optionally by estimating droplet size or liquid water content. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The arrangement of claim 1, further configured to determine an indication of precipitation conditions. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The arrangement of claim 1, further configured to trigger anti-icing or de-icing procedure in response to said indication of the icing potential. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The arrangement of claim 1, further comprising an anti-icing or de-icing entity (134), such as a heating element or system. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The arrangement of claim 1, further comprising a temperature sensing entity (136). ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The arrangement of claim 1, wherein the arrangement is configured to determine the icing potential higher than in a number of. other conditions when the at least one indication of signal intensity implies a cloudy condition according to the comparison and the temperature: is below a predetermined temperature, optionally particularly when the temperature is within a predetermined range determined by a lower temperature limit and an upper temperature limit. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The arrangement of claim 1, configured to adapt the reference on the basis of lidar measurements. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) A system (101) comprising at least one wind turbine. (102) and an arrangement (121) according to claim 1, and optionally a remote monitoring and/or control station. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) A wind turbine comprising an arrangement of claim 1. ### Claim 14 A method for detecting atmospheric icing conditions comprising emitting, by a lidar entity (light detection and ranging) such as a Doppler lidar entity, electromagnetic radiation, optionally in a number of directions, to the atmosphere and receiving radiation backscattered from the aerosol, such as a cloud, present in the atmosphere (304), obtaining at least one indication of signal intensity, such as the CNR (carrier-to-noise ratio) or other indicative parameter, on the basis of the received backscattered signal relative to one or more distances such as heights from a predetermined basic level such as the location of the lidar (306), comparing said at least one indication of signal intensity with at least one predetermined reference in order to obtain an indication of the likelihood of cloud presence at said one or more distances (308), and determining an indication of the icing potential at said number of distances on the basis of the comparison and an indication of the temperature at said one or more distances (310). ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, wherein the icing potential is considered higher than in a number of other conditions when the indication of the likelihood of cloud presence substantially implies cloudy conditions, and the temperature fulfills a predetermined second criterion such as falls within a predetermined range or is below a predetermined threshold. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) A computer program, comprising a code means adapted, when run on a computer, to execute the method of claim 14. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) A carrier medium configured to comprise the com computer program of claim 16 ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) A computer program, comprising a code means adapted, when run on a computer, to execute the method of claim 15. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) A carrier medium configured to comprise the com computer program of claim 18.