# US 2014/0191137 A1 · Anti-Fouling Surface, and Radiation Source Assembly and Fluid Treatment System Comprising Same

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- Number: US 2014/0191137 A1
- Document ID: US20140191137A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 14/115,930
- Filed: 2012-05-07
- Published: 2014-07-10
- Earliest claimed: 2011-05-06
- Assignees: Trojan Technologies Inc.
- Inventors: William Kevin O'Keefe
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20140191137A1

## CPC

- C02F 1/325: {Irradiation devices or lamp constructions}
- B08B 17/00: Methods preventing fouling {(preventing accumulation of deposits in pneumatic conveyors B65G53/521)}
- C09D 5/1618: {inorganic}
- C02F 1/66: by neutralisation; pH adjustment (for degassing C02F1/20; using ion-exchange C02F1/42; for flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities C02F1/52; for removing dissolved compounds C02F1/58)
- C02F 2201/3228: Units having reflectors, e.g. coatings, baffles, plates, mirrors
- C02F 2303/14: Maintenance of water treatment installations
- C02F 2303/20: Prevention of biofouling
- C02F 2303/22: Eliminating or preventing deposits, scale removal, scale prevention (C02F1/042, C02F1/4602, C02F5/00 take precedence)
- Y10T 428/1359: Three or more layers [continuous layer]
- Y10T 428/259: Silicic material
- C02F: TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE (separation in general B01D; special arrangements on waterborne vessels of installations for treating water, waste water or sewage, e.g. for producing fresh water, B63J; adding materials to water to prevent corrosion C23F; treating radioactively-contaminated liquids G21F9/04; regeneration of reactants for recirculation into processes, see the relevant places for the processes)
- B08B: CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- C09D: COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR (cosmetics A61K; processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, in general, B05D; staining wood B27K5/02; glazes or vitreous enamels C03C; natural resins, French polish, drying-oils, driers, turpentine, per se, C09F; polishing compositions other than French polish, ski waxes C09G; adhesives or use of materials as adhesives C09J; materials for sealing or packing joints or covers C09K3/10; materials for stopping leaks C09K3/12; processes for the electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings C25D)
- Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION

## Abstract

An element having an immersible portion for contact with an aqueous liquid, the immersible portion having a contact surface for contact with the aqueous liquid, the contact surface configured to have strong acidity, a radiation (e.g., ultraviolet radiation) source assembly, a radiation (e.g., ultraviolet radiation) source module and a fluid (e.g., water) treatment system incorporating this element applicable to any surface in contact with fluid that is susceptible to build-up of fouling materials. The embodiments obviates or mitigates the rate of accumulation of fouling on surfaces in contact with aqueous solution, such as the protective (e.g., quartz) sleeves in an ultraviolet radiation fluid treatment system, by modifying at least a portion of the surface of those sleeves in contact with fluid (e.g., water) to have an inherent strong surface acidity.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An element having an immersible portion for contact with an aqueous liquid, the immersible portion comprising a contact surface which is for contact with the aqueous liquid, the contact surface configured to have strong acidity.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The element defined in claim 1, wherein the contact surface comprises at least one layer comprising an acidic material.

### Claim 3

(canceled)

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The element defined in claim 2, wherein the acidic material comprises a Bronsted acid.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2)

The element defined in claim 2, wherein the acidic material comprises at least one metal oxide compound.

### Claim at position 6

6-12. (canceled)

### Claim 13 (depends on 5)

The element defined in claim 5, wherein the at least one metal oxide compound is selected from the group consisting of Cr2O3, CrO3, Ta2O5, WO3, W2O5, ZrWxOy (wherein x is 2 and y is 0.5 to 8), V2O5, Nb2O5, M003, Al2O3, TiO2,BeO, Ga2O3, SiO2, ZnO, La2O3, ThO2, CaO, ZrO2 and mixtures thereof.

### Claim at position 8

14-17. (canceled)

### Claim 18 (depends on 2)

The element defined in claim 2, wherein the acidic material comprises a hydrate of Nb2O5.

### Claim 19

(canceled)

### Claim 20 (depends on 2)

The element defined in claim 2, wherein the acidic material comprises a water inert zeolite exhibiting strong Bronsted acidity.

### Claim 21 (depends on 2)

The element defined in claim 2, wherein the acidic material comprises a water inert zeolite exhibiting strong Bronsted acidity and having bridging hydroxyl moieties.

### Claim 22

(canceled)

### Claim 23 (depends on 1)

The element defined in claim 1, wherein the contact surface has a Hammet acidity (H0) of less than about 3.5.

### Claim 24 (depends on 1)

The element defined in claim 1, wherein the contact surface has a Hammet acidity (H0) of less than about 1.7.

### Claim 25 (depends on 1)

The element defined in claim 1, wherein the contact surface has a Hammet acidity (H0) of less than about −5.0.

### Claim 26 (depends on 1)

The element defined in claim 1, wherein the contact surface has a Hammet acidity (H0) of less than or equal to about −5.6.

### Claim at position 18

27-33. (canceled)

### Claim 34 (depends on 2)

The element defined in claim 2, wherein the acidic material is a metal phosphate exhibiting amphoteric properties.

### Claim 35 (depends on 34)

The element defined in claim 34, wherein the metal phosphate is selected from the group consisting of a niobium phosphate (NbOPO4), a zirconium phosphate, a zirconium phosphonate, a lanthanum phosphate and combinations thereof.

### Claim 36

(canceled)

### Claim 37 (depends on 2)

The element defined in claim 2, wherein the contact surface further comprises a substrate to which the acidic material is secured.

### Claim at position 23

38-47. (canceled)

### Claim 48 (depends on 37)

The element defined in claim 37, wherein the substrate comprises a substantially radiation transparent material.

### Claim 49

(canceled)

### Claim 50 (depends on 37)

The element defined in claim 37, wherein the substrate comprises a member selected from the group consisting of silica, quartz, metal, ceramic, glass, sapphire, an amorphous fluoropolymer, a copolyester material and combinations thereof.

### Claim at position 27

51-55. (canceled)

### Claim 56

An ultraviolet radiation source comprising a surface configured to be immersed in an aqueous liquid, the surface comprising an element having an immersible portion for contact with an aqueous liquid, the immersible portion comprising a contact surface which is for contact with the aqueous liquid, the contact surface configured to have strong acidity.

### Claim at position 29

57-58. (canceled)

### Claim 59 (depends on 56)

A water treatment system comprising a fluid treatment zone in which is disposed at least one radiation source as defined in claim 56.

### Claim at position 31

60-62. (canceled)

### Claim 63

An ultraviolet radiation source assembly comprising an ultraviolet radiation source disposed in a protective sleeve, the protective sleeve having a surface configured to be immersed in an aqueous liquid, the surface comprising an element having an immersible portion for contact with an aqueous liquid, the immersible portion comprising a contact surface which is for contact with the aqueous liquid, the contact surface configured to have strong acidity.

### Claim at position 33

64-68. (canceled)