Image bearing member, manufacturing method of the same, image forming method, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge

A manufacturing method of an image bearing member, comprising:

• adding an acid catalyst to a liquid application of an uppermost surface layer;
• and
• forming an uppermost surface layer of the image bearing member that comprises a substrate and a photosensitive layer overlying the substrate using the liquid application of the uppermost surface layer by a spray coating method followed by heating at 130° C. to 150° C. for 20 minutes to 60 minutes to conduct curing reaction, the uppermost surface layer comprising a hydrocarbon compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 and a three-dimensionally cross-linked polymer by polymerization reaction in which part of three or more [(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy]methyl groups is severed and detached from a charge transport compound having the three or more [tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy]methyl groups linked with aromatic rings,
• Chemical Formula 1
• Ph1-Q1-Ph2-Q2-Ph3 Chemical Formula 1
• where Q1 and Q2 independently represent methylene groups or ethylene groups, Ph1 and Ph3 independently represent phenyl groups with which one or two methyl groups are bonded, and Ph2 represents a phenylene group or a phenylene group having one methyl group.