Battery mounting and cooling system

An energy storage system comprising:

• a plurality of cells each having a cylinder shape, wherein a cell axis extends between first and second ends of each cell;
• first and second substrates, at least one of which has a plurality of mounts configured to receive the first or second ends of the cells, a center of each mount having a hole through the substrate, wherein at least one conductive element per cell is glued to the first or second substrates;
• a plurality of perimeter walls enclosing the cells, the perimeter walls mounted between the first and second substrates;
• a cooling tube comprising an extruded piece extending from an inlet to an outlet and configured to provide circulation of coolant in directions generally transverse to the cell axes, the energy storage system configured so that the plurality of cells are held in place within the energy storage system only by the extruded piece and the first and second substrates, the extruded piece having at least one interior crosspiece that defines multiple tubes therein, the extruded piece bent into a shape so as to comprise multiple sections that each run alongside adjacent rows of the cells, the sections separated by turnaround sections where the extruded piece reverses direction and instead runs alongside other adjacent rows of the cells;
• and
• a thermally conductive insulating layer interposed between a surface of the extruded piece and contact surfaces of the plurality of cells.