Light-controlling device and method of manufacturing the same

A light-controlling device, comprising:

• a first substrate and a second substrate;
• a plurality of charged particles interposed between the first and second substrates;
• a spreading electrode disposed on one of the first and second substrates;
• and
• one or more collecting electrodes disposed on at least one of the first and second substrates, wherein said one or more collecting electrodes are electrically insulated from the spreading electrodes.

A light-controlling device, comprising:

• a first substrate and a second substrate;
• a plurality of charged particles interposed between the first and second substrates;
• a collecting electrode disposed on the first substrate, the collecting electrode being configured to generate electrical force for attracting the plurality of charged particles;
• and
• a plurality of spreading electrodes disposed on the second substrate separated from each other by an open region, the spreading electrode being configured to generate electrical force for attracting the plurality of charged particles, wherein the open region between the spreading electrodes on the second substrate is positioned over the collecting electrode on the first substrate to reduce vertical electric force between the open region and the collecting electrode when attracting the plurality of light-controlling particles to the spreading electrode.