# US 2014/0155959 A1 · Energy transfer control adapted to a medical device system

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- Number: US 2014/0155959 A1
- Document ID: US20140155959A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 14/091,995
- Filed: 2013-11-27
- Published: 2014-06-05
- Earliest claimed: 2007-11-27
- Assignees: Milux Holding SA
- Applicants: Milux Holding SA
- Inventors: Peter FORSELL
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20140155959A1

## CPC

- A61N 1/3787: {from an external energy source}
- A61N 1/36125: {Details of circuitry or electric components}
- A61N 1/37211: {Means for communicating with stimulators}
- H02J 7/42: with electronic devices having internal batteries, e.g. mobile phones
- H02J 7/02: for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
- H02J 50/12: of the resonant type
- H02J 50/80: involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
- H02J 2105/46: Medical devices, medical implants or life supporting devices
- A61N: ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY (measurement of bioelectric currents A61B; surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body A61B18/00; anaesthetic apparatus in general A61M; incandescent lamps H01K; infrared radiators for heating H05B)
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY

## Abstract

The disclosed invention varies the width of the energy pulses with constant frequency and constant amplitude to regulate the amount of energy transferred from an energy transmitting device placed outside a patient to an energy receiver inside the patient. The pulse width is achieved with a modulation technique, PWMT, to control the amount of energy transferred from the external energy transmitting coil in the system to the implanted receiver. The PWMT is used to digitally vary the amount of power from the power amplifier that drives the transmitting coil. Compared to previous analog systems a PWM system is a great deal more efficient and can easily be controlled from a digital domain system such as a microprocessor.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus adapted to transmit wireless energy from an external energy transmitting device placed externally to a human body to an internal energy receiver placed internally in the human body, the apparatus comprising,
a first electric circuit to supply electrical pulses to the external transmitting device, said electrical pulses having leading and trailing edges, said transmitting device adapted to supply wireless energy, wherein the electrical circuit being adapted to vary the lengths of first time intervals between successive leading and trailing edges of the electrical pulses and/or the lengths of second time intervals between successive trailing and leading edges of the electrical pulses, and wherein the transmitted wireless energy, generated from the electrical pulses having a varied power, the power depending on the lengths of the first and/or second time intervals, wherein
the first electric circuit has a time constant, and
the first electric circuit is adapted to provide the electrical pulses varying the first and second time intervals to have lengths in the range of, in particular lengths that are in the magnitude of order of or are shorter than, the first time constant, and the relationship or proportion between the lengths of the first and second time intervals is varied, whereby, by the varying a varying power is transmitted.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the first electric circuit is adapted to provide the electrical pulses so that
for first and/or second time intervals having lengths that are relatively long compared to the first time constant, in the magnitude of order of the first time constant, wherein at least one of;
for first time intervals having lengths that are relatively long compared to the first time constant and second time intervals having adapted lengths shorter than the lengths of the first time intervals, in particular adapted lengths that are in the range of, particularly are in the magnitude of order of or are shorter than, the first time constant,
for second time intervals having lengths that are relatively long compared to the first time constant and first time intervals having adapted lengths shorter than the lengths of the first time intervals, in particular adapted lengths that are in the range of, particularly are in the magnitude of order of or are shorter than, the first time constant, or
for first and second time intervals both having adapted lengths, in particular adapted lengths that are in the range of, particularly are in the magnitude of order of or are shorter than, the first time constant, and by varying the lengths of the first and/or second time intervals in the range from lengths relatively long compared to the time constant in the magnitude of order of the first time constant to shorter lengths, a varying power is transmitted.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first electric circuit includes a receiving portion or receiving terminal for receiving feedback information transmitted from the internal energy receiver, the wireless feedback information related to the level of the power of the transmitted wireless energy as received by the receiver, and
the first electric circuit is adapted to vary the first and second time intervals to vary the transmitted power in response to said feedback information.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the amount of energy emitted from the external energy source transmitting device is regulated by an external control unit, wherein this process may be repeated intermittently at intervals during ongoing energy transfer, in the preferred embodiment many times per second, and/or executed on a more or less continuous basis during the energy transfer.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when applying electrical pulses, the electrical pulses remain unchanged, except for varying the first and/or second time intervals.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first electrical circuit is adapted to keep at least one of; the frequency of the electrical pulses substantial constant when the first and/or second time intervals are varied and the amplitude of the electrical pulses substantial constant when the first and/or second time intervals are varied.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, further adapted to:
supply a train of two or more electrical pulses in a row, wherein when applying the train of pulses, said train having a first electrical pulse at the start of the pulse train and having a second electrical pulse at the end of the pulse train, and
supply two or more pulse trains in a row, wherein the lengths of the second time intervals between successive trailing edge of the second electrical pulse in a first pulse train and leading edge of the first electrical pulse of a second pulse train are varied.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1, 7)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an output power from the amplifier is regulated, by switching the power very quickly on and off, wherein further the apparatus of claim 7, is adapted to switch a continuous pulse train off during one or more pulse periods and then on again for one or more pulse periods thereby capable of adjusting the amount of power supplied to a receiving circuit.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, comprising
a receiver placed internally in the human body, adapted to receive the resulting pulses holding the transmitted wireless energy having a varied power.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, further adapted to transmit the wireless energy inductively from a primary coil in the external energy transmitting device to a secondary coil in the internal energy receiver.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is adapted to;
when the lengths of the first time intervals are reduced, reduce the energy transmission over external transmitting device or the first coil, wherein
when the lengths of the second time intervals are reduced, the resulting energy transmission over external transmitting device or the first coil is increased.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, for controlling transmission of wireless energy supplied to an electrically operable medical device when implanted in a patient, comprising an internal energy receiver located inside the patient for receiving said wireless energy from said external energy source located outside the patient, wherein the internal energy receiver being connected to the medical device for directly or indirectly supplying received energy thereto, the apparatus being further adapted to:
determine an energy balance between the energy received by the internal energy receiver and the energy used for the medical device, and
control the transmission of wireless energy from the external energy transmitting device, based on the determined energy balance,
have varied power depending on the lengths of the first and/or second time intervals.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The apparatus according to claim 12, further adapted to detect at least one of:
a change in said energy balance, and control the transmission of wireless energy based on said detected energy balance change, and
a difference between energy received by said internal energy receiver and energy used for the medical device, and the transmission of wireless energy is controlled based on said detected energy difference, wherein the apparatus is further adapted to decrease the amount of transmitted wireless energy if at least one of:
the detected energy balance change implies that the energy balance is increasing, or vice versa, wherein the decrease/increase of energy transmission corresponds to a detected change rate, and
the detected energy difference implies that the received energy is greater than the used energy, or vice versa, wherein the decrease/increase of energy transmission corresponds to the magnitude of said detected energy difference.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, adapted to consume the energy used for the medical device to operate the medical device, and/or store the energy in at least one energy storage device of the medical device, wherein the energy storage device includes at least one of: rechargeable battery, an accumulator or a capacitor, wherein said apparatus is adapted to determine electrical and/or physical parameters of the medical device and/or physical parameters of the patient, and the energy is stored in the energy storage device with a storing rate which is determined based on at least one of said parameters.

### Claim 15 (depends on 12)

The apparatus according to claim 12, further adapted to at least one of;
detect the change in the amount of consumed and/or stored energy by determining over time the derivative of a measured electrical parameter related to said amount of consumed and/or stored energy, the derivative at a first given moment corresponding to the rate of the change at the first given moment, wherein the rate of change includes the direction and speed of the change, further adapted to determine said derivative based on a detected rate of change of an electrical parameter, and
determine the energy balance based on a detected difference between the total amount of energy received by the internal energy receiver and the total amount of consumed and/or stored energy, said detected difference being related to the integral over time of at least one measured electrical parameter related to said energy balance, thus when plot values of said electrical parameter over time as a graph in a parameter-time diagram, said integral depends from the size of the area beneath the plotted graph, wherein said integral of the electrical parameter relates to the energy balance as an accumulated difference between the total amount of energy received by said internal energy receiver and the total amount of consumed and/or stored energy.

### Claim 16 (depends on 9)

The apparatus according to claim 9, further adapted to supply the energy received by the internal energy receiver to the medical device with at least one of:
at least one constant voltage, wherein the constant voltage is created by a constant voltage circuitry, and
at least one constant current, wherein the constant current is created by a constant current circuitry.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The apparatus according to claim 16, further adapted to supply the energy with at least one of;
at least two different voltages, including the at least one constant voltage, and
at least two different currents including said at least one constant current.

### Claim 18 (depends on 14)

The apparatus according to claim 14, the energy storage device comprising a first storage device and a second storage device, adapted to:
store the energy received by the internal energy receiver in the first storage device, wherein the first storage device is adapted to be charged at a higher energy rate than the second energy storage device enabling a faster charging, and
supply the energy from the first storage device to the second storage device at a later stage, wherein the first storage device is adapted to be able to charge more often, having a larger life-time in terms of charging events.

### Claim 19 (depends on 9)

The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the receiver includes a second electric circuit having a second time constant, the second electric circuit receiving the transmitted wireless energy as received pulses having leading and trailing edges, the second electric circuit and the second time constant adapted so that at least one of:
the heights, amplitudes or intensities of the received pulses are varied,
the frequency of the received pulses are varied,
by said varying of the first time intervals and/or of the second time intervals, the length of third time intervals between successive leading and trailing edges and/or of fourth time intervals between successive trailing and leading edges, respectively, of the received pulses are varied, wherein the second electric circuit and the second time constant are adapted so that shorter lengths of the third time intervals give a lower output power and greater lengths of the fourth time intervals give a lower output power,
when varying the first time intervals and/or of the second time intervals a varying of the length of third time intervals between successive leading and trailing edges and/or of fourth time intervals between successive trailing and leading edges, respectively, of the received pulses are only in the range of the second time constant, so that when the lengths of the first and/or second time intervals are varied, the received energy are varied and/or at least one of; the heights, amplitudes or intensities and frequency of the received pulses are varied, wherein time intervals, at least one of;
for third time intervals having lengths that are relatively long compared to the second time constant, in the magnitude of order of the second time constant, and fourth time intervals having adapted lengths shorter than the lengths of the third time intervals, in particular adapted lengths that are in the range of, particularly are in the magnitude of order of or are shorter than, the second time constant,
for fourth time intervals having lengths that are relatively long compared to the second time constant, in the magnitude of order of the second time constant, and third time intervals having adapted lengths shorter than the lengths of the fourth time intervals, in particular adapted lengths that are in the range of, particularly are in the magnitude of order of or are shorter than, the second time constant,
for third and fourth time intervals both having adapted lengths, in particular adapted lengths that are in the range of, particularly are in the magnitude of order of or are shorter than, the second time constant, and
whereby by the varying of the lengths of the first and/or of second time intervals in all cases, a varying power is received by the receiver.

### Claim 20 (depends on 9)

The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the receiver including a second electric circuit adapted to receive the transmitted wireless energy as received pulses, the second electric circuit having a second time constant, and
the second electric circuit including a second time constant control device adapted to vary the second time constant to make the received wireless energy varied.

### Claim 21 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, comprising a medical device, comprising an energy consuming part, which may be at least one of:
a motor,
a pump,
a restriction device,
another medical appliance that requires energy for its electrical operation,
an implantable constriction device adapted to control a flow of fluid and/or other bodily matter in a lumen formed by a tissue wall of a patient's organ for gently constricting at least one portion of the tissue wall to influence the flow in the lumen,
a stimulation device, and
a control device for controlling at least one of the previous presented.

### Claim 22 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to any one of claim 1, wherein
the first electric circuit employing a continuous square wave pulse signal with a constant frequency, wherein the width of the output pulses from a PWMT amplifier is linearly regulated.

### Claim 23 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first electric circuit is adapted to provide the electrical pulses so that said relationship or proportion between the lengths of the first and second time intervals is varied according to a sinusoidal.

### Claim 24 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a capacitor for stabilizing the energy received by the internal energy receiver, before the energy is supplied directly or indirectly to the medical device.

### Claim 25 (depends on 1)

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the amount of transferred energy is regulated by using at least one PWMT in the energy source, modulating at least one of; a voltage, a current, an amplitude, a wave frequency, and a pulse characteristic, when modulating the width of the energy pulses involving to vary at least one of said first and second time intervals.