# US 2014/0155661 A1 · Production of hydrocarbons from copyrolysis of plastic and tyre material with microwave heating > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2014/0155661 A1 - Document ID: US20140155661A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 14/007,236 - Filed: 2012-02-20 - Published: 2014-06-05 - Earliest claimed: 2011-02-18 - Assignees: Cooperativa Autotrasportatori Fiorentini C.A.F.- Societa 'Cooperativaarl - Inventors: Piero Frediani; Luca Rosi; Marco Frediani; Andrea Undri; Silvio Occhialini - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20140155661A1 ## CPC - C10G 1/10: from rubber or rubber waste - C10B 19/00: Heating of coke ovens by electrical means - C10B 53/07: {of solid raw materials consisting} of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres (recovery or working-up of waste materials of organic macromolecular compounds or compositions based thereon by dry-heat treatment for obtaining partially depolymerised materials C08J11/10; production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from rubber or rubber waste C10G1/10) - C10G 15/08: by electric means or by electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations - C10G 2300/1003: Waste materials - C10G 2300/202: Heteroatoms content, i.e. S, N, O, P - C10G 2300/301: Boiling range - Y02P 20/143: the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics - C10G: CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION (cracking to hydrogen or synthesis gas C01B; cracking or pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases to individual hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof of definite or specified constitution C07C; cracking to cokes C10B); RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES - C10B: DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS (cracking oils C10G; underground gasification of minerals E21B43/295) - Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS ## Abstract The present invention relates to the development of a microwave pyrolysis process for plastic materials selected from PE, PP, PS, PET, PVC and mixtures thereof in the presence of end-of-life tyres, or the pyrolysis residues thereof, or other carbon materials for the production of high added value pyrolysis oils containing over 50% by weight hydrocarbons distillable between 20 and 250° C. and a sulphur content less than 1% by weight. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A process comprising subjecting plastic materials such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and mixtures thereof, to pyrolysis by way of irradiation with microwaves (MW) said plastic materials being mixed with end-of-life tyres (PFU), or the solid pyrolysis residues thereof or other carbon materials, said process characterised in that: (a) the vapours derived from the pyrolysis reaction are conveyed in a fractionation system before being sent to a condensation system; or (b) the delivery of the MW is at such a power level as to obtain a mean percentage pyrolysis rate (VM %) of less than, or equal to, 1.0/min and/or a mean heating rate (VM risc) of less than, or equal to, 10° C./min, in case of pyrolysis induced by PFU; or delivery of the MW at such a power level as to obtain a mean pyrolysis rate (VM %) of less than or equal to 2.0/min and/or a mean heating rate (VM risc) of less than or equal to 15° C./min, in the case of pyrolysis induced by PFU pyrolysis residues and the vapours derived from the pyrolysis reaction are directly sent to a condensation system, without being conveyed in a fractionation system before being sent to the condensation system; for obtaining pyrolysis oils having a content greater than 50% by weight of hydrocarbons distillable between 20 and 250° C. and having a sulphur content less than 1% by weight. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The process according to claim 1, subparagraph (a) wherein the fractionation system is selected from: Dephlegmator with air-cooling Dephlegmator with column filled with Fenske, Rashig, Pall, Lessing, and Cross-Partition rings Dephlegmator with column filled with Berl, or Intalox saddles Dephlegmator with column filled with glass beads of various diameters (0.5 to 4 mm) Dephlegmator with plate column a similar industrially viable system. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The process according to claim 2 wherein the delivery of the MW is at such a power level as to obtain a VM % greater than 0.5/min and/or an mean heating rate (VM risc) greater than 3.5° C./min. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The process according to claim 1 wherein the plastic material/PFU weight ratio varies between 0.25 and 8.0, while in the case of the use of plastic materials/solid PFU pyrolysis residue, said ratio varies between 1.0 and 2.0. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The process according to claim 1, subparagraph (b) wherein VM % is greater than 0.2 min−1 and/or VM risc is greater than 2.0° C./min, when PFU is are used in the mixture with plastic materials; or in the case of pyrolysis of plastic materials induced by the presence of PFU pyrolysis residues, then VM % is greater than 0.7/min, which corresponds to a VM risc greater than 8.0° C./min. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The process according to claim 1 wherein to lower the sulphur content in pyrolysis oil, a sulphurated compounds sequestering agent is used during the process. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The process according to claim 1 wherein for pdelivery of the MW, one or more generators, operating at a frequency of 2.45 GHz, are used.