# US 2014/0155480 A1 · Scyllo-Inositol Derivatives and Their Use in the Treatment of Diseases Characterized by Abnormal Protein Folding or Aggregation of Amyloid Formation, Deposition, Accumulation for Persistence

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- Number: US 2014/0155480 A1
- Document ID: US20140155480A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 14/173,175
- Filed: 2014-02-05
- Published: 2014-06-05
- Earliest claimed: 2005-10-13
- Assignees: Waratah Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- Applicants: Waratah Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Inventors: Antonio CRUZ; Linda KURDYDYK
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20140155480A1

## CPC

- C07C 55/28: monocyclic
- A61K 31/045: Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
- A61K 31/047: having two or more hydroxy groups, e.g. sorbitol
- A61K 31/075: Ethers or acetals
- A61K 31/16: Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K 31/66: Phosphorus compounds
- A61P 1/04: for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
- A61P 1/14: Prodigestives, e.g. acids, enzymes, appetite stimulants, antidyspeptics, tonics, antiflatulents
- A61P 3/02: Nutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals
- A61P 3/04: Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
- A61P 3/10: for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
- A61P 5/00: Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
- A61P 7/00: Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P 9/00: Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P 9/10: for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
- A61P 9/12: Antihypertensives
- A61P 9/14: Vasoprotectives; Antihaemorrhoidals; Drugs for varicose therapy; Capillary stabilisers
- A61P 17/06: Antipsoriatics
- A61P 19/02: for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
- A61P 21/00: Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
- A61P 21/04: for myasthenia gravis
- A61P 25/00: Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P 25/02: for peripheral neuropathies
- A61P 25/08: Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
- A61P 25/14: for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
- A61P 25/16: Anti-Parkinson drugs
- A61P 25/18: Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
- A61P 25/20: Hypnotics; Sedatives
- A61P 25/22: Anxiolytics
- A61P 25/24: Antidepressants
- A61P 25/26: Psychostimulants, e.g. nicotine, cocaine
- A61P 25/28: for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
- A61P 25/32: Alcohol-abuse
- A61P 25/36: Opioid-abuse
- A61P 29/00: Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
- A61P 29/02: without antiinflammatory effect
- A61P 31/00: Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P 31/04: Antibacterial agents
- A61P 31/06: for tuberculosis
- A61P 31/08: for leprosy
- A61P 31/10: Antimycotics
- A61P 31/12: Antivirals
- A61P 31/18: for HIV
- A61P 31/22: for herpes viruses
- A61P 33/02: Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis
- A61P 35/00: Antineoplastic agents
- A61P 43/00: Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
- C07C 43/196: containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
- Y02A 50/30: Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
- C07C: ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- A61K: PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES (devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms A61J3/00; chemical aspects of, or use of materials for deodorisation of air, for disinfection or sterilisation, or for bandages, dressings, absorbent pads or surgical articles A61L; soap compositions C11D)
- A61P: SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- Y02A: TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE

## Abstract

Scyllo-Inositol derivatives represented by structural formula II are described, wherein at least one and not more than five of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 is hydroxyl and the other of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylene, alkenylene, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkoxy, aroyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, acyl, acyloxy, sulfoxide, sulfate, sulfonyl, sulfenyl, sulfonate, sulfinyl, ammo, lmmo, azido, thiol, thioalkyl, thioaryl, mtro, cyano, halo, seleno, silyl, silyloxy, silylthio, carboxyl, carbonyl, carbamoyl or carbamide, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Said derivatives and compositions comprising the same are useful in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases characterized by abnormal protein folding or aggregation or amyloid formation, deposition, accumulation or persistence.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula II
wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylene, alkenylene, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkoxy, aroyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, acyl, acyloxy, sulfoxide, sulfate, sulfonyl, sulfenyl, sulfonate, sulfinyl, sulfenyl, amino, imino, azido, thiol, thioalkyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryl, nitro, cyano, isocyanato, halo, seleno, silyl, silyloxy, silylthio, carboxyl, carboxylic ester, carbonyl, carbamoyl, or carboxamide and the other of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 is a hydroxyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein (a) when one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 is alkyl or fluorine no more than four of the other of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are hydroxyl, (b) when one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 is amino or azide no more than four of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are hydroxyl, (c) when two of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are amino, no more than three of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are hydroxyl, (d) when three of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are amino, carboxy, carbamyl, sulfonyl, isoxasolyl, imidazolyl, or thiazolyl the other of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 cannot all be hydroxyl and, (e) R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 cannot be isopropylidine.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein one or more of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are independently alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylene, alkenylene, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkoxy, aroyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, acyl, acyloxy, sulfonyl, sulfenyl, sulfinyl, sulfonate, sulfoxide, sulfate, nitro, cyano, imino, thioaryl, thioalkoxy, Cl, I, Br, carboxyl, carboxylic ester, carbonyl, carbamoyl, or carboxamide and the other of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, or R6 are hydroxyl.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein R2 is hydroxyl, at least one, two, three, or four of R1, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylene, alkenylene, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkoxy, aroyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, acyl, acyloxy, sulfoxide, sulfate, sulfonyl, sulfenyl, sulfonate, sulfinyl, amino, imino, azido, thiol, thioalkyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryl, nitro, cyano, halo, seleno, silyl, silyloxy, silylthio, carboxyl, carboxylic ester, carbonyl, carbamoyl, or carboxamide, and the other of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are hydroxyl.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein one or more of, two or more of, or three or more of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are independently C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C2-C6 alkylene, C2-C8 alkenylene, C1-C6 alkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyloxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkenyl, C3-C8 cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylC1-C6alkoxy, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, amino, thiol, thioalkyl, thioalkoxy, nitro, cyano, halo, carboxyl, carboxylic ester, carbonyl, carbamoyl, or carboxamide and the other of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are a hydroxyl with the proviso that (a) when one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are alkyl or fluorine no more than 4 of the other of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are hydroxyl, (b) when one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 is amino no more than four of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are hydroxyl, (c) when two of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are amino, no more than three of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are hydroxyl, and (d) R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 cannot be isopropylidene.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein R2 is hydroxyl, at least one, two, three, or four of R1, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are independently alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylene, alkenylene, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkoxy, aroyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, acyl, nitro, cyano, Cl, Br, I, acyloxy, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, sulfonate, sulfoxide, sulfate, thioalkoxy, thioaryl, carboxyl, carbonyl, carboxylic ester, carbamoyl, or carboxamide, and the other of R1, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are hydroxyl.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein two of R1, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are hydroxyl, and two or three of the other of R1, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylene, alkenylene, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkoxy, aroyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, acyl, acyloxy, sulfoxide, sulfate, sulfonyl, sulfenyl, sulfonate, sulfinyl, amino, imino, azido, thiol, thioalkyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryl, nitro, cyano, halo, seleno, silyl, silyloxy, silylthio, carboxyl, carboxylic ester, carbonyl, carbamoyl, or carboxamide.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein two of R1, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are hydroxyl, and three of the other of R1, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylene, alkenylene, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkoxy, aroyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, acyl, acyloxy, sulfoxide, sulfate, sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfenyl, sulfinyl, amino, imino, azido, thiol, thioalkyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryl, nitro, cyano, halo, seleno, silyl, silyloxy, silylthio, carboxyl, carboxylic ester, carbonyl, carbamoyl, or carboxamide.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein at least three of R1, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are hydroxyl, and one or two of the other of R1, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylene, alkenylene, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkoxy, aroyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, acyl, acyloxy, sulfoxide, sulfate, sulfonyl, sulfenyl, sulfonate, sulfinyl, amino, imino, azido, thiol, thioalkyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryl, nitro, cyano, halo, seleno, silyl, silyloxy, silylthio, carboxyl, carboxylic ester, carbonyl, carbamoyl, or carboxamide.

### Claim 10 (depends on 6)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 6 wherein four of R1, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are hydroxyl, and the other of R1, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylene, alkenylene, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkoxy, aroyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, acyl, acyloxy, sulfoxide, sulfate, sulfonyl, sulfenyl, sulfonate, sulfinyl, amino, imino, azido, thiol, thioalkyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryl, nitro, cyano, halo, seleno, silyl, silyloxy, silylthio, carboxyl, carboxylic ester, carbonyl, carbamoyl, or carboxamide.

### Claim 11 (depends on 6)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 6 wherein at least one, two, three or four of R1, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are hydroxyl and the other of R1, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are alkyl, halo, alkoxy, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, thiol, thioalkyl, thioalkoxy, carboxyl, or carboxylic ester.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 is each independently F, N3, NH2, SH, NO2, CF3, OCF3, SeH, Cl, Br, I or CN with the proviso that four or five of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are hydroxyl.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 12 wherein five of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are hydroxyl and one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 is selected from the group consisting of F, SeH, Cl, Br, I and CN.

### Claim 14 (depends on 12)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 12 wherein four of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are hydroxyl and two of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are selected from the group consisting of F, —NO2, SH, SeH, Cl, Br, I and CN.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein two, three, four or five of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are hydroxyl, the other of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylene, alkenylene, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkoxy, aroyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, acyl, acyloxy, sulfoxide, sulfate, sulfonyl, sulfenyl, sulfonate, sulfinyl, amino, imino, azido, thiol, thioalkyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryl, nitro, cyano, isocyanato, halo, seleno, silyl, silyloxy, silylthio, carboxyl, carboxylic ester, carbonyl, carbamoyl, or carboxamide, and at least one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, or R6 is optionally substituted alkoxy.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 15 wherein four of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are hydroxyl, the other of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are independently alkyl, amino, imino, azido, thiol, thioalkyl, nitro, thioalkoxy, cyano, or halo, and at least one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, or R6 is alkoxy, in particular alkoxy having about 1-6 carbon atoms, more particularly methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, isopropoxy and tert-butoxy.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein four of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are hydroxyl and the other of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are independently C1-C6 alkyl, amino, or halo.

### Claim 18 (depends on 15)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 15 wherein five of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, or R6 are hydroxyl and the other of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, or R6 is alkoxy.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 is alkoxy with 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 is methoxy.

### Claim 21 (depends on 1)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein the compound of the formula I is methyl-scyllo-inositol

### Claim 22 (depends on 1)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 is halo.

### Claim 23 (depends on 22)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 22 wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 is chloro.

### Claim 24 (depends on 1)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein two, three, four or five of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are hydroxyl, the other of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylene, alkenylene, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkoxy, aroyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, acyl, acyloxy, sulfoxide, sulfate, sulfonyl, sulfenyl, sulfonate, sulfinyl, amino, imino, azido, thiol, thioalkyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryl, nitro, cyano, isocyanato, halo, seleno, silyl, silyloxy, silylthio, carboxyl, carboxylic ester, carbonyl, carbamoyl, or carboxamide, and at least one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 is halo.

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 24 wherein four of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are hydroxyl, the other of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylene, alkenylene, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkoxy, aroyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, acyl, acyloxy, sulfoxide, sulfate, sulfonyl, sulfenyl, sulfonate, sulfinyl, amino, imino, azido, thiol, thioalkyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryl, nitro, cyano, isocyanato, halo, seleno, silyl, silyloxy, silylthio, carboxyl, carboxylic ester, carbonyl, carbamoyl, or carboxamide, and at least one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 is halo.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 25 wherein five of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 are hydroxyl and the other of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 is halo.

### Claim 27 (depends on 22, 23, 24, 25)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 22, 23, 24, 25, or 26 wherein halo is fluoro, chloro or bromo.

### Claim 28 (depends on 25)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 25 wherein the other of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 is C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, amino, imino, azido, thiol, thioalkyl, nitro, thioalkoxy, cyano, or halo.

### Claim 29 (depends on 1)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein the compound of the formula II is 1-chloro-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol:

### Claim 30 (depends on 1)

A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein the compound of the formula II is in the form of a prodrug wherein one or more of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and/or R6 comprise a cleavable group that is cleaved after administration to a subject to provide a therapeutically effective compound.

### Claim 31 (depends on 1)

A method for preventing, reducing and/or inhibiting in a subject Aβ fibril assembly or aggregation, Aβ toxicity, Aβ42 levels, abnormal protein folding or aggregation, amyloid formation, deposition, accumulation or persistence, and/or amyloid interactions comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition or a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula II as defined in claim 1.

### Claim 32 (depends on 1)

A method for increasing degradation of Aβ and/or reducing cerebral accumulation of amyloid β, deposition of cerebral amyloid plaques, soluble Aβ oligomers in the brain, glial activity, inflammation, and/or cognitive decline comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition or a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula II as defined in claim 1.

### Claim 33 (depends on 1)

A method for treating in a subject a condition of the central or peripheral nervous system or systemic organ associated with a disorder in protein folding or aggregation, or amyloid formation, deposition, accumulation, or persistence, comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition or a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula II as defined in claim 1.

### Claim 34 (depends on 1)

A method comprising administering to a subject a pharmaceutical composition or a therapeutic compound of the formula II as defined in claim 1, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in a therapeutically effective amount to inhibit amyloid formation, deposition, accumulation and/or persistence, and/or which cause dissolution/disruption of pre-existing amyloid.

### Claim 35 (depends on 1)

A method for treating in a subject a condition associated with an amyloid interaction that can be disrupted or dissociated with scyllo-inositol comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition or a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula II as defined in claim 1.

### Claim 36 (depends on 1)

A method for preventing or inhibiting amyloid protein assembly, enhancing clearance of amyloid deposits, or slows deposition of amyloid deposits in a subject comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition or a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula II as defined in claim 1.

### Claim 37 (depends on 1)

A method for reducing or inhibiting amyloid fibril formation, organ specific dysfunction, or cellular toxicity in a subject comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition or a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula II as defined in claim 1.

### Claim 38 (depends on 1)

A method for amelioriating progression of a disease or obtaining a less severe stage of a disease in a subject suffering from such disease comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition or a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula II as defined in claim 1.

### Claim 39 (depends on 38)

A method according to claim 38 wherein the disease is Alzheimer's disease.

### Claim 40 (depends on 1)

A method of delaying the progression of Alzheimer's disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition or a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula II as defined in claim 1.

### Claim 41 (depends on 1)

A method of increasing survival of a subject suffering from Alzheimer's disease comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition or a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula II as defined in claim 1.

### Claim 42 (depends on 1)

A method for treating mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a subject comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition or a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula II as defined in claim 1.

### Claim 43 (depends on 1)

A method of reversing amyloid deposition and neuropathology after the onset of cognitive deficits and amyloid plaque neuropathology in a subject comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition or a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula II as defined in claim 1.

### Claim 44 (depends on 1)

A method for treating a mammal in need of improved memory, wherein said mammal has no diagnosed disease, disorder, infirmity or ailment known to impair or otherwise diminish memory, comprising the step of administering to the mammal an effective memory-improving amount of a pharmaceutical composition or a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula II as defined in claim 1, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

### Claim 45 (depends on 1)

A regimen for supplementing a healthy subject's diet by administering a compound of the formula II as defined in claim 1 claim or a dietary supplement comprising a compound of the formula II as defined in claim 1 or a nutraceutically acceptable derivative thereof, and an acceptable carrier, to the human.

### Claim 46 (depends on 1)

A regimen for supplementing a healthy subject's diet by administering daily to the human a compound of the formula II as defined in claim 1 or a nutraceutically acceptable derivative thereof.

### Claim 47 (depends on 45)

A regimen for supplementing a human's diet according to claim 45 comprising administering to the human a supplement comprising, per gram of supplement: about 5 milligram to about 30 milligrams of one or more compound of the formula II or a nutraceutically acceptable derivative thereof.

### Claim 48 (depends on 1)

Use of a pharmaceutical composition or a compound of the formula II as defined in claim 1 for the preparation of a medicament for treating a disease characterized by abnormal protein folding or aggregation or amyloid formation, deposition, accumulation or persistence.

### Claim 49 (depends on 48)

Use of claim 48 wherein the disease is Alzheimer's disease.

### Claim 50 (depends on 1)

A kit comprising one or more compound of the formula II as defined in claim 1 for preventing and/or treating a disease characterized by abnormal protein folding or aggregation or amyloid formation, deposition, accumulation or persistence, a container, and instructions for use.