# US 2014/0154621 A1 ยท Toner additives > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server โ€” see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2014/0154621 A1 - Document ID: US20140154621A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 13/705,524 - Filed: 2012-12-05 - Published: 2014-06-05 - Earliest claimed: 2012-12-05 - Assignees: National Research Council of Canada; Xerox Corporation - Inventors: RICHARD P. VEREGIN; Qingbin Li; Andriy Kovalenko; Sergey Gusarov - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20140154621A1 ## CPC - G03G 9/09708: {Inorganic compounds} - G03G 9/09716: {treated with organic compounds} - G03G 9/09725: {Silicon-oxides; Silicates} - G03G 9/09733: {Organic compounds (G03G9/08782 takes precedence)} - Y10S 977/755: Nanosheet or quantum barrier/well, i.e. layer structure having one dimension or thickness of 100 nm or less - Y10S 977/762: Nanowire or quantum wire, i.e. axially elongated structure having two dimensions of 100 nm or less - Y10S 977/811: Of specified metal oxide composition, e.g. conducting or semiconducting compositions such as ITO, ZnOx - G03G: ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY - Y10S: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS ## Abstract The disclosure relates generally to toner additives, and in particular, toner additives that provide desired higher toner charge and low relative humidity (RH) sensitivity. The toner additives comprise titania nanotubes or titania nanosheets in combination with or in place of the commonly used anatase or rutile crystalline titania. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A toner composition comprising: toner particles comprising a resin and a colorant; and one or more surface additives applied to a surface of the toner particles, the one or more surface additives comprising titania nanotubes or mixtures of titania nanotubes and titania nanosheets, wherein the titania nanotubes have an average particle diameter of from about from about 5 nm to about 100 nm. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more surface additives further comprise a particulate silica, particulate titania and mixtures thereof. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The toner composition of claim 2, wherein the particulate titania has an anatase or rutile structure. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The toner composition of claim 2, wherein the titania nanotubes or titania nanosheets are present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 5 percent by weight of the total weight of the toner composition. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) The toner composition of claim 2, wherein the particulate silica, particulate titania and mixtures thereof are present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 5 percent by weight of the total weight of the toner composition. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the titania nanotubes or titania nanosheets are present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 5 percent by weight of the total weight of the toner composition. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The toner composition of claim 1 further comprising one or more photoreceptor cleaning additives, where the one or more surface additives further comprise a particulate cerium dioxide, a fluoropolymer, a particulate comprised of a fluoropolymer, a particulate comprised of polytetrafluoroethylene, a particulate comprised of a polymethylmethacrylate, a particulate comprised of a metal stearate, a particulate comprised of zinc stearate, aluminum stearate or calcium stearate and mixtures thereof. ### Claim 8 (canceled) ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the titania nanotubes have an average particle diameter of from about from about 5 nm to about 50 nm. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the titania nanotubes have an average particle length of from about from about 50 nm to about 2 microns. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The toner composition of claim 10, wherein the titania nanotubes have an average particle length of from about from about 100 nm to about 1 microns. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the surface of the titania nanotube or titania nanosheet is substantially free of hydroxyl groups. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The toner composition of claim 1, wherein a majority of the surface of the titania nanotube or titania nanosheet comprises a [001] face. ### Claim 14 A toner composition comprising: toner particles comprising a resin and a colorant; and one or more surface additives applied to a surface of the toner particles, the one or more surface additives comprising titania nanotubes. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The toner composition of claim 14, wherein the titania nanotubes have an average particle diameter of from about from about 5 nm to about 100 nm. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The toner composition of claim 14, wherein the titania nanotubes have an average particle length of from about from about 50 nm to about 2 microns. ### Claim 17 (depends on 14) The toner composition of claim 14, wherein the surface of the titania nanotubes have less than 3 hydroxyl groups per nanometer squared of surface. ### Claim 18 (depends on 14) The toner composition of claim 14, wherein the surface of the titania nanotube comprises from about 10 to about 100 percent of a [001] face. ### Claim 19 A developer comprising: a toner composition; and a toner carrier, the toner carrier comprising a carrier core, and a carrier coating disposed over the carrier core, wherein the toner composition comprises toner particles comprising a resin and a colorant, and one or more surface additives applied to a surface of the toner particles, the one or more surface additives comprising titania nanotubes or mixtures of titania nanotubes and titania nanosheets, wherein the titania nanotubes have an average particle diameter of from about from about 5 nm to about 100 nm. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The developer of claim 19, wherein the toner composition is an emulsion aggregation toner composition. ### Claim 21 (depends on 14) The toner of claim 14 having a high charge of from about โˆ’15 microcoulomb per gram to about โˆ’80 microcoulomb per gram and a low relative humidity sensitivity ratio of from about 1 to about 2.