# US 2014/0154555 A1 · Secondary battery-use active material, secondary battery-use electrode, secondary battery, battery pack, electric vehicle, electric power storage system, electric power tool, and electronic apparatus

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- Number: US 2014/0154555 A1
- Document ID: US20140154555A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 14/091,786
- Filed: 2013-11-27
- Published: 2014-06-05
- Earliest claimed: 2012-12-05
- Assignees: Sony Corporation
- Applicants: Sony Corporation
- Inventors: Kazuaki Endoh; Kazunari Motohashi; Hironobu Tsuji; Yosuke Hosoya; Akinori Kita; Masaki Misawa; Hideki Nakai; Yosuke Murakami
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20140154555A1

## CPC

- H01M 10/052: Li-accumulators
- H01M 4/505: of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
- H01M 4/131: Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
- H01M 10/0525: Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
- H01M 2004/027: {Negative electrodes}
- H01M 2220/30: Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- Y02P 70/50: Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
- Y02T 10/70: Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION

## Abstract

A secondary battery includes: a cathode; an anode; and an electrolytic solution. The cathode includes a lithium-containing compound having an average composition represented by a following Formula (1), the lithium-containing compound includes a central section and a surface section, a molar ratio b1 of manganese (Mn) in the surface section is larger than a molar ratio b2 of Mn in the central section, a molar ratio 1+a1 of lithium (Li) in the surface section is smaller than a molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section, and a ratio 1+a1/1+a2 between the molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section and the molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section satisfies 0.5<1+a1/1+a2<1, Li1+a(MnbCocNi1-b-c)1−aMdO2-e (1) where M is one or more of aluminum, magnesium, zirconium, titanium, barium, boron, silicon, and iron; and a to e satisfy 0<a<0.25, 0.5≦b<0.7, 0≦c<1−b, 0≦d≦1, and 0≦e≦1.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A secondary battery comprising:
a cathode;
an anode; and
an electrolytic solution, wherein
the cathode includes a lithium-containing compound, the lithium-containing compound having an average composition represented by a following Formula (1),
the lithium-containing compound includes a central section and a surface section,
a molar ratio b1 of manganese (Mn) in the surface section is larger than a molar ratio b2 of Mn in the central section,
a molar ratio 1+a1 of lithium (Li) in the surface section is smaller than a molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section, and
a ratio 1+a1/1+a2 between the molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section and the molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section satisfies 0.5<1+a1/1+a2<1,
Li1+a(MnbCocNi1-b-c)1−aMdO2-e (1)
where M is one or more of aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), zirconium (Zr), titanium (Ti), barium (Ba), boron (B), silicon (Si), and iron (Fe); and a to e satisfy 0<a<0.25, 0.5≦b<0.7, 0≦c<1−b, 0≦d≦1, and 0≦e≦1.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the M in the Formula (1) is one or more of Al, Mg, and Ti.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the a in the Formula (1) satisfies 0.1<a<0.25.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein
the anode contains a metal-based material, and
the metal-based material includes Si or tin (Sn) or both as constituent elements.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The secondary battery according to claim 4, wherein the metal-based material includes a silicon oxide represented by SiOv (0.2<v<1.4).

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein charge is performed until a voltage reaches a value equal to or larger than about 4.4 V (to lithium metal).

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the secondary battery is a lithium secondary battery.

### Claim 8

A secondary battery-use electrode, the secondary battery-use electrode including a lithium-containing compound, the lithium-containing compound having an average composition represented by a following Formula (1), wherein
the lithium-containing compound includes a central section and a surface section,
a molar ratio b1 of Mn in the surface section is larger than a molar ratio b2 of Mn in the central section,
a molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section is smaller than a molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section, and
a ratio 1+a1/1+a2 between the molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section and the molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section satisfies 0.5<1+a1/1+a2<1,
Li1+a(MnbCocNi1-b-c)1−aMdO2-e (1)
where M is one or more of Al, Mg, Zr, Ti, Ba, B, Si, and Fe; and a to e satisfy 0<a<0.25, 0.5≦b<0.7, 0≦c<1−b, 0≦d≦1, and 0≦e≦1.

### Claim 9

A secondary battery-use active material, the secondary battery-use active material including a lithium-containing compound, the lithium-containing compound having an average composition represented by a following Formula (1), wherein
the lithium-containing compound includes a central section and a surface section,
a molar ratio b1 of Mn in the surface section is larger than a molar ratio b2 of Mn in the central section,
a molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section is smaller than a molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section, and
a ratio 1+a1/1+a2 between the molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section and the molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section satisfies 0.5<1+a1/1+a2<1,
Li1+a(MnbCocNi1-b-c)1−aMdO2-e (1)
where M is one or more of Al, Mg, Zr, Ti, Ba, B, Si, and Fe; and a to e satisfy 0<a<0.25, 0.5≦b<0.7, 0≦c<1−b, 0≦d≦1, and 0≦e≦1.

### Claim 10

A battery pack comprising:
a secondary battery;
a control section configured to control operation of the secondary battery; and
a switch section configured to switch the operation of the secondary battery according to an instruction of the control section, wherein
the secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution,
the cathode includes a lithium-containing compound, the lithium-containing compound having an average composition represented by a following Formula (1),
the lithium-containing compound includes a central section and a surface section,
a molar ratio b1 of Mn in the surface section is larger than a molar ratio b2 of Mn in the central section,
a molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section is smaller than a molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section, and
a ratio 1+a1/1+a2 between the molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section and the molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section satisfies 0.5<1+a1/1+a2<1,
Li1+a(MnbCocNi1-b-c)1−aMdO2-e (1)
where M is one or more of Al, Mg, Zr, Ti, Ba, B, Si, and Fe; and a to e satisfy 0<a<0.25, 0.5≦b<0.7, 0≦c<1−b, 0≦d≦1, and 0≦e≦1.

### Claim 11

An electric vehicle comprising:
a secondary battery;
a conversion section configured to convert electric power supplied from the secondary battery into drive power;
a drive section configured to operate according to the drive power; and
a control section configured to control operation of the secondary battery, wherein
the secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution,
the cathode includes a lithium-containing compound, the lithium-containing compound having an average composition represented by a following Formula (1),
the lithium-containing compound includes a central section and a surface section,
a molar ratio b1 of Mn in the surface section is larger than a molar ratio b2 of Mn in the central section,
a molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section is smaller than a molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section, and
a ratio 1+a1/1+a2 between the molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section and the molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section satisfies 0.5<1+a1/1+a2<1,
Li1+a(MnbCocNi1-b-c)1−aMdO2-e (1)
where M is one or more of Al, Mg, Zr, Ti, Ba, B, Si, and Fe; and a to e satisfy 0<a<0.25, 0.5≦b<0.7, 0≦c<1−b, 0≦d≦1, and 0≦e≦1.

### Claim 12

An electric power storage system comprising:
a secondary battery;
one or more electric devices configured to be supplied with electric power from the secondary battery; and
a control section configured to control the supplying of the electric power from the secondary battery to the one or more electric devices, wherein
the secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution,
the cathode includes a lithium-containing compound, the lithium-containing compound having an average composition represented by a following Formula (1),
the lithium-containing compound includes a central section and a surface section,
a molar ratio b1 of Mn in the surface section is larger than a molar ratio b2 of Mn in the central section,
a molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section is smaller than a molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section, and
a ratio 1+a1/1+a2 between the molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section and the molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section satisfies 0.5<1+a1/1+a2<1,
Li1+a(MnbCocNi1-b-c)1−aMdO2-e (1)
where M is one or more of Al, Mg, Zr, Ti, Ba, B, Si, and Fe; and a to e satisfy 0<a<0.25, 0.5≦b<0.7, 0≦c<1−b, 0≦d≦1, and 0≦e≦1.

### Claim 13

An electric power tool comprising:
a secondary battery; and
a movable section configured to be supplied with electric power from the secondary battery, wherein
the secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution,
the cathode includes a lithium-containing compound, the lithium-containing compound having an average composition represented by a following Formula (1),
the lithium-containing compound includes a central section and a surface section,
a molar ratio b1 of Mn in the surface section is larger than a molar ratio b2 of Mn in the central section,
a molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section is smaller than a molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section, and
a ratio 1+a1/1+a2 between the molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section and the molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section satisfies 0.5<1+a1/1+a2<1,
Li1+a(MnbCocNi1-b-c)1−aMdO2-e (1)
where M is one or more of Al, Mg, Zr, Ti, Ba, B, Si, and Fe; and a to e satisfy 0<a<0.25, 0.5≦b<0.7, 0≦c<1−b, 0≦d≦1, and 0≦e≦1.

### Claim 14

An electronic apparatus comprising a secondary battery as an electric power supply source, wherein
the secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution,
the cathode includes a lithium-containing compound, the lithium-containing compound having an average composition represented by a following Formula (1),
the lithium-containing compound includes a central section and a surface section,
a molar ratio b1 of Mn in the surface section is larger than a molar ratio b2 of Mn in the central section,
a molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section is smaller than a molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section, and
a ratio 1+a1/1+a2 between the molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section and the molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section satisfies 0.5<1+a1/1+a2<1,
Li1+a(MnbCocNi1-b-c)1−aMdO2-e (1)
where M is one or more of Al, Mg, Zr, Ti, Ba, B, Si, and Fe; and a to e satisfy 0<a<0.25, 0.5≦b<0.7, 0≦c<1−b, 0≦d≦1, and 0≦e≦1.