# US 2014/0154470 A1 · Machining method > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2014/0154470 A1 - Document ID: US20140154470A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 14/091,951 - Filed: 2013-11-27 - Published: 2014-06-05 - Earliest claimed: 2012-12-04 - Assignees: ROLLS-ROYCE plc - Applicants: Rolls-Royce PLC - Inventors: Wee Kin TEO; Tao Pey YUEN; Lai Chow YIN; Lim Tao MING; Sathyan SUBBIAH - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20140154470A1 ## CPC - G05B 19/182: {characterised by the machine tool function, e.g. thread cutting, cam making, tool direction control (G05B19/21 - G05B19/40 take precedence)} - G05B 19/401: characterised by control arrangements for measuring, e.g. calibration and initialisation, measuring workpiece for machining purposes (G05B19/19 takes precedence) - G05B 19/4099: Surface or curve machining, making three-dimensional [3D] objects, e.g. desktop manufacturing - G05B 2219/45147: Machining blade, airfoil - Y10T 428/24479: including variation in thickness - G05B: CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS (systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables G05D; systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables G05F; control devices or systems insofar as characterised by mechanical features only G05G) - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract A method of machining an article. The method includes: scanning the article to determine an initial surface profile; determining a cross sectional area removed from the article by a material removal tool in a material removal pass under controlled conditions; using the cross sectional area to determine one or more material removal tool contact angles for at least one material removal pass by the material removal tool under the controlled conditions required to conform the initial surface profile to a nominal surface profile; and machining the article to conform the initial surface profile to the nominal surface profile. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of machining an article to conform the article to a nominal surface profile, the method comprising: scanning the article to be machined to determine an initial surface profile; using a material removal rate model to determine a cross sectional area removed from the article by a material removal tool in a material removal pass under controlled conditions; using the determined cross sectional area to determine one or more material removal tool contact angles relative to a surface of the article for at least one material removal pass by the material removal tool under the controlled conditions required to conform the initial surface profile to a the nominal surface profile; and performing one or more material removal passes by the material removal tool at the one or more contact angles under the controlled conditions to conform the initial surface profile to the nominal surface profile. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A method according to claim 1, wherein the controlled conditions comprise any of the contact force between the material removal tool and the article to be machined normal to the surface of the article to be machined, the feed rate of the material removal tool across the surface of the article to be machined, and the rotational speed of the material removal tool about a machine tool axis. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) A method according to claim 1, wherein the material removal tool comprises a rotary cutting tool. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) A method according to claim 1, wherein the material removal rate model comprises a constant area removed by a control material removal pass under the controlled conditions. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) A method according to claim 1, wherein the material removal rate model comprises a relationship between the contact width and the cross sectional area removed during a removal pass. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) A method according to claim 5, wherein the material removal rate model comprises a relationship between a cutting profile and a maximum distance of the cutting profile from a notional line between points of the article where the contact width intersects with the initial surface profile. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) A method according to claim 1, wherein a control material removal pass is performed on a test article comprising one of the article to be machined and a separate article to the article to be machined. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) A method according to claim 7, wherein where the test article comprises a separate article, the test article comprises one of the same material as the article to be machined, and a material having similar properties to the article to be machined. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) A method according to claim 7, wherein the step of determining the cross sectional area removed by a control material removal pass comprises scanning the test article prior to the control pass to determine an initial test article surface profile, scanning the test article subsequent to the control pass to determine a machined test article surface profile, and comparing the initial and machined test article surface profiles. ### Claim 10 A method according to claim I, wherein the step of determining the material removal tool contact angle for each respective material removal pass comprises a contact angle search algorithm, the contact angle search algorithm comprising the steps of: defining one or more test contact angles of the material removal tool relative to the surface profile of the article; comparing each test contact angle to a surface profile to determine a respective cutting profile for each test contact angle; comparing the respective cutting profile to the surface profile to determine a respective simulated cross sectional area removed by the respective cutting profile for each test angle; using the material removal rate model to determine a cross sectional area which would be removed by the material removal tool from the article at the respective contact angle; comparing each simulated cross sectional area to the cross sectional area determined by the material removal rate model; and selecting one or more test contact angles which provide a simulated cross sectional area which substantially matches the cross sectional area determined by the material removal rate model area. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) A method according to claim 10, wherein the search algorithm further comprises comparing the respective cutting profile of the one or more selected contact angles to a nominal cross sectional profile to determine whether the respective cutting profile intersects the nominal cross sectional profile, and selecting a cutting profile that does not intersect with the nominal cross sectional profile. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) A method according to claim 11, wherein the method comprises using the selected cutting profile that does not intersect with the nominal cross sectional profile to generate a simulated machined cross sectional profile, and the method comprises comparing the simulated machined cross sectional profile to the nominal cross sectional profile and determining whether the simulated machined cross sectional profile conforms to the nominal cross sectional profile to within a predetermined tolerance. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) A method according to claim 12, wherein the method comprises using the contact angle search algorithm to determine one or more further material removal tool contact angles for machining the simulated machined surface profile to generate one or more further machined surface profiles until the simulated machined surface profile conforms to the nominal cross sectional profile. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) An article machined in accordance with claim 1. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) A machining apparatus, the machining apparatus comprising: a material removal tool and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to control the machine tool in accordance with claim 1. ### Claim 16 (depends on 8) A method according to claim 8, wherein the step of determining the cross sectional area removed by a control material removal pass comprises scanning the test article prior to the control pass to determine an initial test article surface profile, scanning the test article subsequent to the control pass to determine a machined test article surface profile, and comparing the initial and machined test article surface profiles.