# US 2014/0154162 A1 · SEPARATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) FROM GAS MIXTURES BY CALCIUM BASED REACTION SEPARATION (CaRS-CO2) PROCESS

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- Number: US 2014/0154162 A1
- Document ID: US20140154162A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 13/892,822
- Filed: 2013-05-13
- Published: 2014-06-05
- Earliest claimed: 2003-02-06
- Assignees: The Ohio State University
- Inventors: Liang-Shih Fan; Himanshu Gupta; Mahesh V. Iyer
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20140154162A1

## CPC

- B01D 53/508: {by treating the gases with solids}
- B01D 53/1475: {Removing carbon dioxide}
- B01D 53/1493: {Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents}
- B01D 53/62: Carbon oxides
- B01J 8/06: in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
- B01J 20/041: {Oxides or hydroxides}
- B01J 20/06: comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
- B01J 20/28057: {Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area}
- B01J 20/28071: {being less than 0.5 ml/g}
- B01J 20/3085: {Chemical treatments not covered by groups B01J20/3007 - B01J20/3078}
- B01J 20/3433: {of sorbents or filter aids other than those covered by B01J20/3408 - B01J20/3425}
- B01J 20/3466: {with steam}
- B01J 20/3483: {by thermal treatment not covered by groups B01J20/3441 - B01J20/3475, e.g. by heating or cooling}
- B82Y 30/00: Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
- C01F 11/06: of carbonates
- C10J 3/482: {Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed}
- C10K 1/024: {by filtration}
- C10K 3/04: reducing the carbon monoxide content {, e.g. water-gas shift [WGS]}
- B01D 2251/404: of calcium
- B01D 2253/10: Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D 2257/504: Carbon dioxide
- C01P 2002/32: spinel-type (AB2O4)
- C01P 2002/72: by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
- C01P 2006/12: Surface area
- C01P 2006/14: Pore volume
- C01P 2006/17: Pore diameter distribution
- C10J 2300/0996: Calcium-containing inorganic materials, e.g. lime
- C10J 2300/1807: Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
- H01M 8/0668: Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
- H01M 2008/1293: {Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes}
- Y02C 20/40: of CO2
- Y02E 60/50: Fuel cells
- Y02P 20/151: Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2
- B01D: SEPARATION (separating solids from solids by wet methods B03B, B03D; by pneumatic jigs or tables B03B; by other dry methods B07; magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials or fluids, separation by high-voltage electric fields B03C; centrifuges, vortex apparatus B04; presses per se for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material B30B9/02; treatment of water C02F, e.g. softening by ion-exchange C02F1/42; {arrangements of air intake cleaners in gas turbine plants F02C7/05} ; arrangements or mounting of filters in air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation F24F13/28)
- B01J: CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B82Y: SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- C01F: COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS (metal hydrides {monoborane, diborane or addition complexes thereof} C01B6/00; salts of oxyacids of halogens C01B11/00; peroxides, salts of peroxyacids C01B15/00; sulfides or polysulfides of magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium C01B17/42; thiosulfates, dithionites, polythionates C01B17/64; compounds containing selenium or tellurium C01B19/00; binary compounds of nitrogen with metals C01B21/06; azides C01B21/08; {compounds other than ammonia or cyanogen containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals C01B21/082; amides or imides of silicon C01B21/087}; metal {imides or} amides C01B21/092, {C01B21/0923}; nitrites C01B21/50; {compounds of noble gases C01B23/0005}; phosphides C01B25/08; salts of oxyacids of phosphorus C01B25/16; carbides C01B32/90; compounds containing silicon C01B33/00; compounds containing boron C01B35/00; compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties C01B37/00; compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, C01B39/00; cyanides C01C3/08; salts of cyanic acid C01C3/14; salts of cyanamide C01C3/16; thiocyanates C01C3/20; {double sulfates of magnesium with sodium or potassium C01D5/12; with other alkali metals C01D15/00, C01D17/00})
- C10J: PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES (synthesis gas from liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons C01B; underground gasification of minerals E21B43/295); CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10K: PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C01P: INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02C: CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS

## Abstract

A reaction-based process developed for the selective removal of CO2 from a multicomponent gas mixture to provide a gaseous stream depleted in CO2 compared to the inlet CO2 concentration. The proposed process effects the separation of CO2 from a mixture of gases by its reaction with metal oxides. The Calcium based Reaction Separation for CO2 (CaRS—CO2) process consists of contacting CO2 laden gas with CaO in a reactor such that CaO captures CO2 by the formation of CaCO3. CaCO3 is regenerated by calcination leading to the formation of fresh CaO sorbent and the evolution of a concentrated stream of CO2. The “regenerated” CaO is then recycled for the further capture of CO2. This carbonation-calcination cycle forms the basis of the CaRS—CO2 process. This process also may use a mesoporous CaCO3 structure that attains >90% conversion over multiple carbonation and calcination cycles.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for separating carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide from a flow of gas comprising carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, said method comprising the steps of:
reacting said carbon dioxide and said sulfur dioxide with a metal oxide sorbent to convert at least a portion of said metal oxide sorbent to a metal carbonate and at least a portion of said sorbent to a metal sulfate;
calcining at least a portion of said metal carbonate to form a reformed metal oxide sorbent and carbon dioxide; and
replenishing said metal oxide sorbent with said reformed metal oxide sorbent formed during calcination.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
separating said metal carbonate from said gas flow in a cyclone.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said conversion of said metal oxide sorbent to metal carbonate and metal sulfate occurs at a temperature in the range of about 600° to about 650° Celsius.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
removing said carbon dioxide produced during calcination.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said metal oxide sorbent has a mesoporous pore size distribution.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said calcining is conducted under partial pressure.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said calcining is performed by steam.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said metal oxide sorbent is selected from a group consisting of: ZnO, MgO, MnO2, NiO, CuO, PbO, and CaO.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said reformed metal oxide sorbent has substantially the same sorption as said metal oxide sorbent.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

A facility practicing the method according to claim 1.

### Claim 11

A method for separating carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide from a flow of gas comprising carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, comprising:
reacting said carbon dioxide and said sulfur dioxide with a sorbent in a gas-solid reactor to convert at least a portion of said sorbent to a metal carbonate and a portion of said sorbent to a metal sulfate;
calcining said metal carbonate so as to form a regenerated sorbent; and
directing said regenerated sorbent to said gas-solid reactor.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said sorbent is a metal oxide.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said sorbent is selected from the group consisting of: ZnO, MgO, MnO2, NiO, CuO, PbO, and CaO.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
separating said metal carbonate from said flow of gas in a cyclone.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said regenerated sorbent has the same sorption capacity as said sorbent prior to absorbing said carbon dioxide.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sequestering said carbon dioxide formed during calcination.