# US 2014/0154143 A1 · Method and an apparatus for performing an energy efficient desulphurization and decarbonisation of a flue gas

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- Number: US 2014/0154143 A1
- Document ID: US20140154143A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 14/176,343
- Filed: 2014-02-10
- Published: 2014-06-05
- Earliest claimed: 2012-04-17
- Assignees: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
- Applicants: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
- Inventors: Elena Arvanitis; Manfred Baldauf; Günter Schmid; Dan Taroata; Frank Walachowicz
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20140154143A1

## CPC

- F01N 3/0892: {Electric or magnetic treatment, e.g. dissociation of noxious components}
- B01D 53/50: Sulfur oxides (B01D53/60 takes precedence)
- B01D 53/501: {by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound}
- B01D 53/508: {by treating the gases with solids}
- B01D 53/62: Carbon oxides
- B01D 53/78: with gas-liquid contact
- B01D 53/83: with moving reactants
- B01D 53/965: {including an electrochemical process step}
- F23B 90/04: including secondary combustion (in separate combustion chambers F23B10/02)
- F23G 7/06: of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases (exhaust apparatus for engines with means for rendering the exhaust innocuous, e.g. by thermal or catalytic conversion, F01N3/08; combustion of uncombusted material from primary combustion within apparatus for combustion of solid or fluent fuel F23B {, of non combusted material from primary combustion of solid fuels; of gases produced by primary combustion of solid fuels F23B90/04}, F23C)
- F23J 15/00: Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- B01D 2251/302: of lithium
- B01D 2251/402: of magnesium
- B01D 2252/103: Water
- B01D 2252/2021: Methanol
- B01D 2257/302: Sulfur oxides
- B01D 2257/504: Carbon dioxide
- B01D 2258/0283: Flue gases
- B01D 2259/128: Solid reactants
- C02F 2103/18: from the purification of gaseous effluents
- F23B 2900/00003: Combustion devices specially adapted for burning metal fuels, e.g. Al or Mg
- Y02C 20/40: of CO2
- Y02E 20/12: Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
- Y02E 20/32: Direct CO2 mitigation
- F01N: GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES (arrangements in connection with gas exhaust of propulsion units in vehicles B60K13/00; combustion-air intake silencers specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines F02M35/00; protecting against, or damping, noise in general G10K11/16)
- B01D: SEPARATION (separating solids from solids by wet methods B03B, B03D; by pneumatic jigs or tables B03B; by other dry methods B07; magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials or fluids, separation by high-voltage electric fields B03C; centrifuges, vortex apparatus B04; presses per se for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material B30B9/02; treatment of water C02F, e.g. softening by ion-exchange C02F1/42; {arrangements of air intake cleaners in gas turbine plants F02C7/05} ; arrangements or mounting of filters in air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation F24F13/28)
- F23B: METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL (for combustion of fuels that are solid at room temperatures, but burned in melted form, e.g. candle wax, C11C5/00, F23C, F23D; using solid fuel suspended in air F23C, F23D1/00; using solid fuel suspended in liquids F23C, F23D11/00; using solid fuel together with fluid fuel or with solid fuel suspended in air, simultaneously or alternately, F23C, F23D17/00)
- F23G: CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23J: REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES (combustion apparatus for consuming smoke or fumes, e.g. exhaust gases, F23G7/06)
- C02F: TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE (separation in general B01D; special arrangements on waterborne vessels of installations for treating water, waste water or sewage, e.g. for producing fresh water, B63J; adding materials to water to prevent corrosion C23F; treating radioactively-contaminated liquids G21F9/04; regeneration of reactants for recirculation into processes, see the relevant places for the processes)
- Y02C: CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

A desulphurization and decarbonisation apparatus includes (a) a starter for starting a reaction between an electropositive metal and sulphur oxides and carbon dioxide of a flue gas; (b) a first reaction chamber with a cooling unit for reducing the sulphur oxides and the carbon dioxide of the flue gas in an exothermic reaction with the electropositive metal; (c) a second reaction chamber for generating a first suspension including suspended carbon containing reaction products and sulphur containing reaction products by extracting solid reaction products of the first reaction chamber in a solvent; (d) a third reaction chamber for oxidizing the first suspension to generate a second suspension including suspended carbon containing reaction products and oxidized sulphur containing reaction products; and (e) a separator for separating the oxidized sulphur containing reaction products from the suspended carbon containing reaction products.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A desulphurization and decarbonisation apparatus, comprising:
(a) at least one starter for starting a reaction between an electropositive metal and sulphur oxides and carbon dioxide of a flue gas;
(b) a first reaction chamber comprising cooling means for reducing the sulphur oxides and the carbon dioxide of said flue gas in an exothermic reaction with the electropositive metal;
(c) a second reaction chamber for generating a first suspension comprising suspended carbon containing reaction products and sulphur containing reaction products by extracting solid reaction products of the first reaction chamber in a solvent;
(d) a third reaction chamber for oxidizing the first suspension to generate a second suspension comprising suspended carbon containing reaction products and oxidized sulphur containing reaction products; and
(e) at least one separator for separating the oxidized sulphur containing reaction products from the suspended carbon containing reaction products.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The desulphurization and decarbonisation apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first reaction chamber (b) comprises a burner.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The desulphurization and decarbonisation apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the second reaction chamber (c) and the third reaction chamber (d), or
the second reaction chamber (c) and the at least one separator (e), or
the third reaction chamber (d) and the at least one separator (e), or
the second reaction chamber (c), the third reaction chamber (d) and the at least one separator (e)
are combined in one unit.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The desulphurization and decarbonisation apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
an anodic oxidation stage to produce a peroxodisulfate salt from dissolved oxidized sulphur containing reaction products provided by the at least one separator (d).

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The desulphurization and decarbonisation apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
first regenerating means for regenerating the electropositive metal from the separated suspended carbon containing reaction products, and/or
second regenerating means for regenerating the electropositive metal from the separated oxidized sulphur containing reaction products.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The desulphurization and decarbonisation apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the third reaction chamber (d) comprises a means for bubbling air or oxygen.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The desulphurization and decarbonisation apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first reaction chamber (b) and/or the second reaction chamber (c) and/or the third reaction chamber (d) comprise(s) an exit for gaseous products.

### Claim 8

A closed loop desulphurization and decarbonisation apparatus, comprising:
(a) at least one starter for starting a reaction between an electropositive metal and sulphur oxides and carbon dioxide of a flue gas;
(b) a first reaction chamber comprising cooling means for reducing the sulphur oxides and the carbon dioxide of said flue gas in an exothermic reaction with the electropositive metal;
(c) a second reaction chamber for generating a first suspension comprising suspended carbon containing reaction products and sulphur containing reaction products by extracting solid reaction products of the first reaction chamber in a solvent;
(d) a third reaction chamber for oxidizing the first suspension to generate a second suspension comprising suspended carbon containing reaction products and oxidized sulphur containing reaction products;
(e) at least one separator for separating the oxidized sulphur containing reaction products from the suspended carbon containing reaction products; and
(f) at least one regeneration unit for regenerating the electropositive metal from the separated suspended carbon containing reaction products and/or from the separated oxidized sulphur containing reaction products.