# US 2014/0153643 A1 · Mean absolute difference prediction for video encoding rate control > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2014/0153643 A1 - Document ID: US20140153643A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 14/171,159 - Filed: 2014-02-03 - Published: 2014-06-05 - Earliest claimed: 2011-03-10 - Assignees: Microsoft Corporation - Applicants: Microsoft Corporation - Inventors: Mei-Hsuan Lu; Tin Qian - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20140153643A1 ## CPC - H04N 19/56: Motion estimation with initialisation of the vector search, e.g. estimating a good candidate to initiate a search - H04N 19/126: Details of normalisation or weighting functions, e.g. normalisation matrices or variable uniform quantisers - H04N 19/146: Data rate or code amount at the encoder output - H04N 19/147: according to rate distortion criteria (rate-distortion as a criterion for motion estimation H04N19/567) - H04N 19/172: the region being a picture, frame or field - H04N 19/573: Motion compensation with multiple frame prediction using two or more reference frames in a given prediction direction - H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION ## Abstract Mean absolute difference (MAD) prediction for video encoding may be provided. Upon receiving a video stream comprising a plurality of quality layers, a first quantization parameter (QP) may be selected for a first frame of the video stream according to a second QP associated with a second frame and a third QP associated with a third frame. The first frame may then be encoded according to the selected first QP. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A computer implemented method for providing Mean Absolute Difference prediction, the method comprising: receiving a plurality of video frames associated with a bitstream; predicting a mean absolute difference of a current frame according to a first mean absolute difference associated with an immediately previous temporal frame and a second mean absolute difference associated with a similar frame that has a similar rate distortion characteristic to the current frame; and encoding the current frame according to the predicted mean absolute difference. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising selecting a quantization parameter of the current frame according to a bandwidth constraint and the predicted mean absolute difference of the current frame. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The computer implemented method of claim 2, wherein the quantization parameter of the current frame is determined by a quadratic rate-quantizer model using the predicted mean absolute difference of the current frame. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising predicting the mean absolute difference of the current frame according to a linear regression model, wherein the first mean absolute difference associated with the immediately previous temporal frame and the second mean absolute difference associated with the similar frame comprise regressors associated with the linear regression model. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the similar frame is identified by: computing a rate distortion characteristic of each of the plurality of video frames; and comparing the rate distortion characteristic of each of the plurality of video frames to a current rate distortion characteristic of the current frame. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the bitstream comprises a base layer and at least one enhancement layer. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The computer implemented method of claim 6, wherein the immediately previous temporal frame is associated with a different layer than a layer of the current frame. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The computer implemented method of claim 6, wherein the immediately previous temporal frame is a previous frame in a highest frame rate layer. ### Claim 9 A computer-readable storage device which stores a set of instructions which when executed performs a method for providing quantization parameter prediction, the method comprising: receiving a plurality of video frames associated with a bitstream; predicting a quantization parameter for a current frame according to a quantization parameter associated with an immediately previous temporal frame and a quantization parameter associated with a similar frame that has a similar rate distortion characteristic to the current frame; and encoding the current frame according to the quantization parameter. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The computer-readable storage device of claim 9, wherein the quantization parameter of the current frame is selected according to a bandwidth constraint. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The computer-readable storage device of claim 9, further comprising selecting the quantization parameter of the current frame according to a predicting a mean absolute difference of the current frame according to a mean absolute difference associated with the immediately previous temporal frame and a mean absolute difference associated with the similar frame that has the similar rate distortion characteristic to the current frame. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The computer-readable storage device of claim 10, wherein the quantization parameter of the current frame is determined by a quadratic rate-quantizer model using the predicted mean absolute difference of the current frame. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The computer-readable storage device of claim 10, further comprising predicting a mean absolute difference of the current frame according to a linear regression model, wherein the mean absolute difference associated with the immediately previous temporal frame and the mean absolute difference associated with the similar frame comprise regressors associated with the linear regression model. ### Claim 14 (depends on 9) The computer-readable storage device of claim 9, wherein the similar frame is identified by: computing a rate distortion characteristic of each of the plurality of video frames; and comparing the rate distortion characteristic of each of the plurality of video frames to a current rate distortion characteristic of the current frame. ### Claim 15 (depends on 9) The computer-readable storage device of claim 9, wherein the bitstream comprises a base layer and at least one enhancement layer. ### Claim 16 (depends on 9) The computer-readable storage device of claim 9, wherein the immediately previous temporal frame is associated with a different layer than a layer of the current frame. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The computer-readable storage device of claim 16, wherein the immediately previous temporal frame is a previous frame in a highest frame rate layer. ### Claim 18 A system for providing quantization parameter prediction, the system comprising: a memory storage; and a processing unit coupled to the memory storage, wherein the processing unit is operative to: receive a plurality of video frames associated with a bitstream; predict a mean absolute difference of a current frame according to a mean absolute difference associated with an immediately previous temporal frame and a mean absolute difference associated with a similar frame that has a similar rate distortion characteristic to the current frame; select a quantization parameter for the current frame according to the predicted mean absolute difference of the current frame; and encode the current frame according to the quantization parameter. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The system of claim 18, wherein the quantization parameter of the current frame is selected according to a bandwidth constraint and the predicted mean absolute difference of the current frame. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The system of claim 18, wherein the immediately previous temporal frame is a previous frame in a highest frame rate layer.