Methods and circuits for providing stable current and voltage references based on currents flowing through ultra-thin dielectric layer components

A circuit comprising:

• a component having a first terminal, a second terminal, and an ultra-thin dielectric layer disposed between the first and second terminals such that the first and second terminals contact the dielectric layer and are physically separated from each other;
• and
• a current source coupled to the component and configured to apply a current to the first terminal of the component to cause the current to flow from the first terminal through the dielectric layer to the second terminal,
• wherein the component provides a reference output voltage between the first and second terminals in response to the current flow through the dielectric layer.

A circuit comprising:

• a voltage-divider circuit comprising:
• at least two components each having a first terminal, a second terminal, and an ultra-thin dielectric layer disposed between the first and second terminals such that the first and second terminals contact the dielectric layer and are physically separated from each other,
• wherein the at least two components are coupled in series between an upper power supply and one of a lower power supply or ground,
• wherein upon applying a power supply voltage to the series coupling of components, a current flows through the dielectric layer of each component of the series coupling of components to provide voltage-divider output voltages at inter-component nodes of the series coupling of components, and
• wherein the inter-component nodes maintain voltage-divider output voltages that are integer fractions of the voltage between the upper power supply voltage and the lower power supply voltage or ground.