Nanoparticle macro-compositions

A layered nanoparticle macro-composition, comprising:

• a nanoparticle inner nucleus, wherein the nanoparticle comprises a functional group;
• an intermediate layer around the nucleus;
• an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer;
• and
• wherein the inner nucleus has an open architecture.

A macro-composition comprising:

• a plurality of nanoparticle inner nuclei, wherein the nanoparticle comprise a functional group;
• on each nucleus, an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus, the layer with the nucleus forming a layered nanoparticle;
• a plurality of bonds, each bond bonded to at least two of the layered nanoparticles, such that each layered nanoparticle is bonded to at least one other of the layered nanoparticles by a bond including the functional group;
• and
• wherein the inner nuclei each have an open architecture.

A layered nanoparticle macro-composition, comprising:

• a nanoparticle inner nucleus;
• a functional layered shell around the nucleus;
• an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer;
• and
• wherein the inner nucleus has an open architecture.

A macro-composition comprising:

• a plurality of nanoparticle inner nuclei;
• on each nucleus, an active capping layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus, the layer with the nucleus forming a layered nanoparticle;
• a plurality of bonds, each bond bonded to at least two of the layered nanoparticles, such that each layered nanoparticle is bonded to at least one other of the layered nanoparticles by a bond;
• and
• wherein the inner nuclei each have an open architecture.

A layered nanoparticle macro-composition, comprising:

• a nanoparticle inner nucleus;
• an intermediate layer around the nucleus;
• an active capping layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the functional layered shell;
• and
• wherein the inner nucleus has an open architecture.

A nano-delivery lubricant system, comprising:

• a layered nanoparticle macro-composition comprising
• a nanoparticle inner nucleus, wherein the inner nucleus has an open architecture, and
• an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus;
• and
• an organic medium.

A lubricating film, comprising

• a nanoparticle inner nucleus having an open architecture;
• an intermediate layer around the nucleus;
• an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer;
• and
• wherein the inner nucleus is plastically deformed.

A lubricated material comprising:

• a surface comprising at least one asperity;
• and
• a lubricating tribofilm disposed on the surface, wherein the tribofilm comprises
• a layered nanoparticle macro-composition comprising:
• a nanoparticle inner nucleus having an open architecture,
• an intermediate layer around the nucleus, and
• an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer.

A plurality of layered nanoparticle macro-compositions, wherein each layered nanoparticle macro-composition is bonded to at least one other of the layered nanoparticles by a bond to form of a chain or a ring, wherein the macro-composition comprises:

• a nanoparticle inner nucleus;
• an intermediate layer around the nucleus;
• an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer;
• and
• wherein the inner nucleus has an open architecture.

A macro-composition comprising a chain or a ring, comprising:

• a plurality of nanoparticle inner nuclei;
• on each nucleus, an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus, the layer with the nucleus forming a layered nanoparticle;
• a plurality of bonds, each bond bonded to at least two of the layered nanoparticles, such that each layered nanoparticle is bonded to at least one other of the layered nanoparticles by a bond to form of a chain or a ring;
• and
• wherein the inner nuclei each have an open architecture.

A method of making a lubricant formulation, the method comprising:

• providing a plurality of layered nanoparticle macro-compositions, each macro-composition comprising
• a nanoparticle inner nucleus having an open architecture;
• an intermediate layer around the nucleus;
• an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer;
• and
• blending the plurality of macro-compositions with a lubricant;
• forming a plurality of bonds between the plurality of macro-compositions in the lubricant, such that each of the macro-compositions is bonded to at least one other of the macro-compositions.

A method of making a lubricant formulation, the method comprising:

• providing a macro-composition comprising
• a plurality of nanoparticle inner nuclei comprising an open architecture,
• on each nucleus, an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus, the layer with the nucleus forming a layered nanoparticles, a plurality of bonds, each bond bonded to at least two of the layered nanoparticles, such that each layered nanoparticle is bonded to at least one other of the layered nanoparticles;
• and
• blending the macro-compositions with a lubricant of the group consisting of grease, oil, gear oil, lithium complex grease, and coatings.

A method of lubricating a material, the method comprising:

• frictionally contacting a surface of the material and a layered nanoparticle macro-composition comprising
• a nanoparticle inner nucleus having an open architecture,
• an intermediate layer around the nucleus, and
• an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer.

A layered nanoparticle macro-composition, comprising:

• solid lubricant nanoparticles;
• and
• an organic medium interacted with or encapsulating the nanoparticles,
• wherein the nanoparticles have an open architecture.