Methods for treating hyperuricemia and related diseases

A pharmaceutical composition, comprising

• i) about 100 mg to about 1000 mg of allopurinol;
• ii) about 100 mg to about 400 mg of a compound of formula:
• and
• iii) at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

A pharmaceutical composition, comprising

• i) about 20 mg to about 200 mg of febuxostat;
• ii) about 100 mg to about 400 mg of a compound of formula:
• and
• iii) at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

A method of treating or preventing hyperuricemia or gout in a subject, comprising administering to the subject:

• i) allopurinol, febuxostat, or combinations thereof;
• and
• ii) a compound of formula (I):
• wherein the gout or hyperuricemia is refractory, non-responsive, or resistant to allopurinol monotherapy, febuxostat monotherapy, PNP-inhibitor monotherapy, probenecid monotherapy, tranilast monotherapy, sulfinpyrazone monotherapy, losartan monotherapy, fenofibrate monotherapy, and/or benzbromarone monotherapy.

A method of reducing serum uric acid levels in a subject suffering from hyperuricemia, comprising administering to the subject a compound of formula:

• wherein after administration the subject has:
• a serum uric acid level less than about 6.0 mg/dL;
• and
• a creatinine clearance rate below about 60 mL/minute.