# US 2013/0278473 A1 ยท Efficient active multi-drive radiator > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server โ€” see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2013/0278473 A1 - Document ID: US20130278473A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 13/654,420 - Filed: 2012-10-18 - Published: 2013-10-24 - Earliest claimed: 2011-10-18 - Assignees: California Institute of Technology - Applicants: California Institute of Technology - Inventors: Steven BOWERS; Seyed Ali Hajimiri - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20130278473A1 ## CPC - H01Q 11/04: with parts bent, folded, shaped, screened or electrically loaded to obtain desired phase relation of radiation from selected sections of the antenna (H01Q11/06 โ€“ H01Q11/10 take precedence) - H01Q 1/48: Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises - H01Q 25/04: Multimode antennas {(corrugated horns H01Q13/0208)} - H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72) ## Abstract An integrated Multi-Port Driven (MPD) antenna that can be driven at many points with different signals. An integrated MPD radiating source utilizing an 8-phase ring oscillator and eight power amplifiers to drive the MPD antenna at 161 GHz with a total radiated power of โˆ’2 dBm and a single element EIRP of 4.6 dBm has been demonstrated in silicon with single lobe well behaved radiation patterns closely matching simulation. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A multi-port driven antenna, comprising: an antenna structure having a length L, said antenna structure comprising a conductor and configured to radiate electromagnetic radiation, said radiator structure having at least one ground contact point and a plurality S of input ports, where S is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, each of said plurality S of input ports having a respective electrical connection to said antenna at a respective selected location along the antenna length L; and a respective signal input terminal of each of said plurality S of input ports, each signal input terminal configured to receive a respective input signal having a predetermined phase relationship with respect to another input signal applied to an adjacent signal input terminal, said predetermined phase relationship dependent on said location of said respective electrical connection to said antenna, said respective signal input terminal configured to apply said received respective signal to said antenna structure at said respective selected location of said input port. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The multi-port driven antenna of claim 1, further comprising: a source of input signals, said source configured to provide to each of said respective signal input terminal of each of said plurality S of input ports said respective input signal having a predetermined phase relationship with respect to another input signal applied an adjacent signal input terminal, and configured to provide a ground signal at each of said at least one ground contact point; said multi-port driven antenna and said source of input signals when active defining a multiport-driven radiator. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The multi-port driven antenna of claim 2, wherein said source of input signals includes an amplifier configured to amplify at least one of said respective input signals. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The multi-port driven antenna of claim 1, wherein said antenna structure having a length L is a loop structure. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The multi-port driven antenna of claim 4, wherein each of said plurality S of input ports has a respective electrical connection separated by a length L/S from a location of an adjacent input port. ### Claim 6 (depends on 2) The multi-port driven antenna of claim 2, wherein said signal source is a multi-phase oscillator. ### Claim 7 (depends on 2) The multi-port driven antenna of claim 2, wherein said multi-phase oscillator is configured to provide 2X phases, where X is an integer greater than or equal to 2. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The multi-port driven antenna of claim 1, wherein said antenna is configured to radiate millimeter wave electromagnetic radiation. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The multi-port driven antenna of claim 1 fabricated on a semiconductor wafer. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The multi-port driven antenna of claim 1, further comprising at least one ground plane adjacent said loop antenna structure. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The multi-port driven antenna of claim 1, further comprising a controller configured to control an amplitude and a phase of each of said respective input signals. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The multi-port driven antenna of claim 1, further comprising a controller configured to control a power supply. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The multi-port driven antenna of claim 1, configured as one of a plurality of multi-port driven antennas in a phased array configuration. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The multi-port driven antenna of claim 1, wherein said antenna structure having a length L is a linear structure. ### Claim 15 A method of generating electromagnetic radiation, comprising the steps of: providing an antenna comprising: an antenna structure having a length L, said antenna structure comprising a conductor and configured to radiate electromagnetic radiation, said radiator structure having at least one ground contact point and a plurality S of input ports, where S is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, each of said plurality S of input ports having a respective electrical connection to said antenna at a respective selected location along the antenna length L; and a respective signal input terminal of each of said plurality S of input ports, each signal input terminal configured to receive a respective input signal having a predetermined phase relationship with respect to another input signal applied an adjacent signal input terminal, said predetermined phase relationship dependent on said location of said respective electrical connection to said antenna, said respective signal input terminal configured to apply said received respective signal to said antenna structure at said respective selected location of said input port; applying each of a plurality S of input signals each having a frequency w to a respective signal input terminal of each of said plurality S of input ports; and observing an electromagnetic radiation output signal at a frequency w. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of generating electromagnetic radiation of claim 15, wherein said integer S is three or larger. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The method of generating electromagnetic radiation of claim 15, wherein said integer S is a power of 2. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The method of generating electromagnetic radiation of claim 15, wherein said integer S is 8. ### Claim 19 (depends on 15) The method of generating electromagnetic radiation of claim 15, wherein said electromagnetic radiation is millimeter wave electromagnetic radiation.