# US 2013/0278223 A1 · Battery Controller with Monitoring Logic for Model-Based Battery Control > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2013/0278223 A1 - Document ID: US20130278223A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 13/451,879 - Filed: 2012-04-20 - Published: 2013-10-24 - Earliest claimed: 2012-04-20 - Assignees: Ford Global Technologies, LLC - Inventors: Yonghua Li; Richard Dyche Anderson; Anthony Mark Phillips; Xu Wang - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20130278223A1 ## CPC - H01M 10/48: Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte (constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569) - H02J 7/44: between battery management systems and power sources - H02J 7/445: {in response to measured battery parameters, e.g. voltage, current or temperature profile} - H02J 7/485: {with provisions for charging different types of batteries} - H01M 2010/4271: {Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing} - Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries - H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract A battery controller with monitoring logic for a model-based battery control of a battery performs battery current characterizing, parameter and state variable abnormality detection, and bound checking of error signals between measured and predicted output variables to generate an output. Switching between closed-loop operation (i.e., the model-based battery control) and open-loop operation (i.e., a traditional battery control) is done based on the output of the monitoring logic such that closed-loop stability and performance are reasonably guaranteed. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method comprising: monitoring for whether use of a closed-loop operation for controlling a battery meets criteria; and using an open-loop operation in lieu of the closed-loop operation to control the battery while use of the closed-loop operation does not meet the criteria. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein: monitoring for whether use of the closed-loop operation meets the criteria includes detecting whether current of the battery meets predetermined current characteristics such that use of the closed-loop operation does not meet the criteria when the battery current does not meet the predetermined current characteristics. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2 further comprising: using the closed-loop operation to control the battery when the battery current meets the predetermined current characteristics. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein: monitoring for whether use of the closed-loop operation meets the criteria includes detecting whether an estimation of a battery-related variable generated by the closed-loop operation is within a predetermined range such that use of the closed-loop operation does not meet the criteria when the estimation is outside of the predetermined range. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4 wherein: the predetermined ranges vary based on temperature of the battery. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4 further comprising: using the closed-loop operation to control the battery when the estimation of the battery-related variable is within the predetermined range. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein: monitoring for whether use of the closed-loop operation meets the criteria includes detecting for an error difference between an estimation of a battery-related variable generated by the closed-loop operation and the actual battery-related variable such that use of the closed-loop operation does not meet the criteria when the error difference is outside of a predetermined acceptable bound. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7 further comprising: using the closed-loop operation to control the battery when the error difference is within the predetermined acceptable bound. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8 further comprising: detecting whether the error difference is within a minimal bound less than the predetermined acceptable bound; initializing the open-loop operation when the error difference is within the minimal bound; and storing learned parameters when the error difference is within the minimal bound. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein: the closed-loop operation includes a model-based battery control. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein: the open-loop operation includes a traditional battery control. ### Claim 12 A system comprising: a controller having an estimator and a supervisor; wherein the estimator is configured to use a closed-loop operation and an open-loop operation for controlling a battery; wherein the supervisor is configured to monitor for whether use of the closed-loop operation meets criteria and to use the open-loop operation in lieu of the closed-loop operation to control the battery while use of the closed-loop operation does not meet the criteria. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12 wherein: the supervisor is further configured to detect whether current of the battery meets predetermined current characteristics, wherein use of the closed-loop operation does not meet the criteria when the battery current does not meet the predetermined current characteristics. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13 wherein: the supervisor is configured to use the closed-loop operation to control the battery when the battery current meets the predetermined current characteristics. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12 wherein: the supervisor is further configured to detect whether an estimation of a battery-related variable generated by the closed-loop operation is within a predetermined range, wherein use of the closed-loop operation does not meet the criteria when the estimation is outside of the predetermined range. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The system of claim 15 further comprising: the supervisor is further configured to use the closed-loop operation to control the battery when the estimation of the battery-related variable is within the predetermined range. ### Claim 17 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12 wherein: the supervisor is further configured to detect for an error difference between an estimation of a battery-related variable generated by the closed-loop operation and the actual battery-related variable, wherein use of the closed-loop operation does not meet the criteria when the error difference is outside of a predetermined acceptable bound. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The system of claim 17 wherein: the supervisor is configured to use the closed-loop operation to control the battery when the error difference is within the predetermined acceptable bound. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The system of claim 18 wherein: the supervisor is further configured to detect whether the error difference is within a minimal bound less than the predetermined acceptable bound, initialize the open-loop operation when the error difference is within the minimal bound, and store learned parameters when the error difference is within the minimal bound. ### Claim 20 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12 wherein: the closed-loop operation includes a model-based battery control; and the open-loop operation includes a traditional battery control.