Functionalized graphene or graphene oxide nanopore for bio-molecular sensing and dna sequencing

A method for identifying biomolecules, the method comprising:

• configuring a reservoir separated into two parts by a graphene membrane;
• forming a nanopore through the graphene membrane, the nanopore connecting the two parts of the reservoir, the graphene membrane being distinct from and physically separated from electrodes transferring current;
• wherein the nanopore and the two parts of the reservoir are filled with ionic buffer;
• wherein the graphene membrane comprises a graphene oxide layer at an inner surface in the nanopore;
• coating or the graphene oxide layer at the inner surface in the nanopore with an organic layer configured to interact with the biomolecules in a different way in order to differentiate the biomolecules, the organic layer enhances resolution and motion control of the biomolecules;
• and
• monitoring a time trace of ionic current to identify the biomolecules based on a respective interaction of the biomolecules with the organic layer.