STRUCTURE, SYNTHESIS, AND APPLICATIONS FOR POLY (PHENYLENE) ETHYNYLENES (PPEs)

A poly-(phenylene ethynylene) having the structure:

• n is selected from the group consisting of the whole numbers between 5 and 200;
• A is selected from the group consisting of C2C6H2 and C2C4H2S;
• B=C2C6H2;
• C=is either C6H4 or not present;
• X is selected from the group consisting of:
• H, [C2C6H4]2COOCH2CH3, and;
• [C2C4H2S][C2C6H4]COOCH2CH3;
• Y is selected from the group consisting of:
• H and COOCH2CH3;
• ZA is selected from the group consisting of O(CH2)k(C6H12N2)C6H132+, O(CH2)kSO3−, O(CH2)kN(CH2CH3)3+ and O(CH2)kN(CH3)3+;
• where k is selected from the group consisting of the whole number between 1 and 10;
• ZB is selected from the group consisting of H and (OCH2CH2)3OCH3;
• wherein:
• if ZA is O(CH2)k(C6H12N2)C6H132+, then ZB is H, A=C2C6H2, C, if present, is C6H4, and X is selected from the group consisting of H and [C2C6H4]2COOCH2CH3, wherein:
• if X is H, then Y is H, and C is not present;
• if X is [C2C6H4]2COOCH2CH3, then Y is COOCH2CH3 and C is C6H4;
• if ZA is O(CH2)kSO3−, ZB is H, A=C2C6H2, C is not present, and X=Y=H;
• if ZA is O(CH2)kN(CH2CH3)3+, then ZB is (OCH2CH2)3OCH3, A=C2C6H2, C is not present, and X=Y=H;
• if ZA is O(CH2)kN(CH3)3+, and ZB is (OCH2CH2)3OCH3, then C is not present, A=C2C6H2 and X=Y=H;
• if ZA is O(CH2)kN(CH3)3+, ZB is H, and C is not present, then A=C2C4H2S and X=Y=H;
• if ZA is O(CH2)kN(CH3)3+, ZB is H, and C is present, then Y=COOCH2CH3 and X is selected from the group consisting of [C2C6H4]2COOCH2CH3 and [C2C4H2S][C2C6H4]COOCH2CH3;
• wherein
• if A=C2C6H2, then X is [C2C6H4]2COOCH2CH3;
• if A=C2C4H2S, then X is [C2C4H2S][C2C6H4]COOCH2CH3.