Pyrido [4,3-b] indole and pyrido [3,4-b] indole derivatives and methods of use

A compound of the formula (J-1), (J-2), (J-3), (J-4) or (J-5):

• or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein:
• R1 is H, hydroxyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynyl, perhaloalkyl, acyl, acyloxy, carbonylalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, C1-C8 perhaloalkoxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acylamino, aminoacyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, sulfonylamino, sulfonyl or carbonylalkylenealkoxy;
• each R2a and R2b is independently H, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, halo, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynyl, perhaloalkyl, acyl, acyloxy, carbonylalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, C1-C8 perhaloalkoxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, carboxyl, thiol, thioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acylamino, aminoacyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, sulfonylamino, sulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, or carbonylalkylenealkoxy, or R2a and R2b are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form a carbonyl moiety or a cycloalkyl moiety;
• each R3a and R3b is independently H, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, halo, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynyl, perhaloalkyl, acyl, acyloxy, carbonylalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, C1-C8 perhaloalkoxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, carboxyl, thiol, thioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acylamino, aminoacyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, sulfonylamino, sulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, or carbonylalkylenealkoxy, or R3a and R3b are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form a carbonyl moiety or a cycloalkyl moiety;
• R4 is H, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, halo, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynyl, perhaloalkyl, acyl, acyloxy, carbonylalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, C1-C8 perhaloalkoxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, carboxyl, thiol, thioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acylamino, aminoacyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, sulfonylamino, sulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, or carbonylalkylenealkoxy, or R4 and a vicinal R8a, where present, are taken together to form a bond;
• each R10a and R10b is independently H, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, halo, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynyl, perhaloalkyl, acyl, acyloxy, carbonylalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, C1-C8 perhaloalkoxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, carboxyl, thiol, thioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acylamino, aminoacyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, sulfonylamino, sulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, or carbonylalkylenealkoxy, or R10a and R10b are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form a carbonyl moiety or a cycloalkyl moiety;
• R5 is H or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl;
• each X1, X2, X3 and X4 is independently N, CH or CR6;
• each R6 is independently hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, halo, C1-C8 perhaloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, C1-C8 perhaloalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, carboxyl, carbonylalkoxy, thiol, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, thioalkyl, —S(O)-alkyl, —S(O)-aryl, —S(O)-aralkyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acylamino, aminoacyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, sulfonylamino, sulfonyl, carbonylalkylenealkoxy, alkylsulfonylamino or acyl;
• each R8a, R8b, R8c, R8d, R8e, R8f, R8g and R8h is independently H, hydroxyl, alkoxy, acyloxy, thiol, —S-alkyl, —S-aryl, —S-aralkyl, —S(O)-alkyl, —S(O)-aryl, —S(O)-aralkyl, —SO2-alkyl, —SO2-aryl, —SO2-aralkyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, halo, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkenyl, C1-C8 perhaloalkyl, carboxyl, carbonylalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, C1-C8 alkyl substituted with a carbonylalkoxy, carboxyl or acylamino moiety,
• or is taken together with a geminal R8(a-h) to form a substituted or unsubstituted methylene moiety or a moiety of the formula —OCH2CH2O—, or is taken together with a geminal R8(a-h) and the carbon to which they are attached to form a carbonyl moiety or a cycloalkyl moiety,
• or is taken together with a vicinal R8(a-h) and the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl moiety,
• or is taken together with a vicinal R8(a-h) to form a bond provided when an R8(a-h) is taken together with a vicinal R8(a-h) to form a bond, the geminal R8(a-h) is other than hydroxyl and thiol,
• or is taken together with vicinal R4 to form a bond;
• and
• Q is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, alkoxy, aminoacyl, acyloxy, carboxyl, carbonylalkoxy, cyano, alkynyl, aminocarbonylalkoxy, acylamino, or is a group of the formula —CR9═CR10aR10b, wherein R9 is H or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl and R10a and R10b are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocyclyl moiety.

A compound of the formula (K-1), (K-2), (K-3), (K-4) or (K-5):

• or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein:
• R1 is H, hydroxyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynyl, perhaloalkyl, acyl, acyloxy, carbonylalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, C1-C8 perhaloalkoxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acylamino, aminoacyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, sulfonylamino, sulfonyl or carbonylalkylenealkoxy;
• each R2a and R2b is independently H, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, halo, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynyl, perhaloalkyl, acyl, acyloxy, carbonylalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, C1-C8 perhaloalkoxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, carboxyl, thiol, thioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acylamino, aminoacyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, sulfonylamino, sulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, or carbonylalkylenealkoxy, or R2a and R2b are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form a carbonyl moiety or a cycloalkyl moiety;
• each R3a and R3b is independently H, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, halo, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynyl, perhaloalkyl, acyl, acyloxy, carbonylalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, C1-C8 perhaloalkoxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, carboxyl, thiol, thioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acylamino, aminoacyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, sulfonylamino, sulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, or carbonylalkylenealkoxy, or R3a and R3b are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form a carbonyl moiety or a cycloalkyl moiety;
• R4 is H, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, halo, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynyl, perhaloalkyl, acyl, acyloxy, carbonylalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, C1-C8 perhaloalkoxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, carboxyl, thiol, thioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acylamino, aminoacyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, sulfonylamino, sulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, or carbonylalkylenealkoxy, or R4 and a vicinal R8a, where present, are taken together to form a bond;
• each R10a and R10b is independently H, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, halo, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynyl, perhaloalkyl, acyl, acyloxy, carbonylalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, C1-C8 perhaloalkoxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, carboxyl, thiol, thioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acylamino, aminoacyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, sulfonylamino, sulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, or carbonylalkylenealkoxy, or R10a and R10b are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form a carbonyl moiety or a cycloalkyl moiety;
• R5 is H or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl;
• each X1, X2, X3 and X4 is independently N, CH or CR6;
• each R6 is independently hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, halo, C1-C8 perhaloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, C1-C8 perhaloalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, carboxyl, carbonylalkoxy, thiol, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, thioalkyl, —S(O)-alkyl, —S(O)-aryl, —S(O)-aralkyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acylamino, aminoacyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, sulfonylamino, sulfonyl, carbonylalkylenealkoxy, alkylsulfonylamino or acyl;
• each R8a, R8b, R8c, R8d, R8e, R8f, R8g and R8h is independently H, hydroxyl, alkoxy, acyloxy, thiol, —S-alkyl, —S-aryl, —S-aralkyl, —S(O)-alkyl, —S(O)-aryl, —S(O)-aralkyl, —SO2-alkyl, —SO2-aryl, —SO2-aralkyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, halo, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkenyl, C1-C8 perhaloalkyl, carboxyl, carbonylalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, C1-C8 alkyl substituted with a carbonylalkoxy, carboxyl or acylamino moiety,
• or is taken together with a geminal R8(a-h) to form a substituted or unsubstituted methylene moiety or a moiety of the formula —OCH2CH2O—, or is taken together with a geminal R8(a-h) and the carbon to which they are attached to form a carbonyl moiety or a cycloalkyl moiety,
• or is taken together with a vicinal R8(a-h) and the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl moiety,
• or is taken together with a vicinal R8(a-h) to form a bond provided when an R8(a-h) is taken together with a vicinal R8(a-h) to form a bond, the geminal R8(a-h) is other than hydroxyl and thiol,
• or is taken together with vicinal R4 to form a bond;
• and
• Q is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, alkoxy, aminoacyl, acyloxy, carboxyl, carbonylalkoxy, cyano, alkynyl, aminocarbonylalkoxy, acylamino, or is a group of the formula —CR9═CR10aR10b, wherein R9 is H or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl and R10a and R10b are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocyclyl moiety.

A method of treating a cognitive disorder, psychotic disorder, neurotransmitter-mediated disorder or a neuronal disorder in an individual comprising administering to an individual in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of the formula (IB):

• or a salt or solvate thereof;
• wherein:
• R1 is H, hydroxyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynyl, perhaloalkyl, acyl, acyloxy, carbonylalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, C1-C8 perhaloalkoxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, thiol, thioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acylamino, aminoacyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, sulfonylamino, sulfonyl or carbonylalkylenealkoxy, or R1 and R2 are taken together to form a propylene (—CH2CH2CH2—) moiety or a butylene (—CH2CH2CH2CH2—) moiety, or R1 and R3a are taken together to form a propylene (—CH2CH2CH2—) moiety or a butylene (—CH2CH2CH2CH2—) moiety, or R1 and R4a are taken together to form an ethylene (—CH2CH2—) moiety or a propylene (—CH2CH2CH2—) moiety;
• R2 is H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, halo, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, hydroxyl, alkoxy, acyloxy, acylamino, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, or R2 and R1 are taken together to form a propylene (—CH2CH2CH2—) moiety or a butylene (—CH2CH2CH2CH2—) moiety, or R2 and R3a are taken together to form an ethylene (—CH2CH2—) moiety or a propylene (—CH2CH2CH2—) moiety, or R2 and R4a are taken together to form a methylene (—CH2—) moiety or an ethylene (—CH2CH2—) moiety, or R2 and a vicinal R8(a-h) are taken together to form a bond;
• each R3a and R3b is independently H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, halo, cyano, hydroxyl, alkoxy, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acyloxy, acylamino, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, or R3a and R3b are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form a carbonyl moiety or a cycloalkyl moiety, or R3a and R1 are taken together to form a propylene (—CH2CH2CH2—) moiety or a butylene (—CH2CH2CH2CH2—) moiety, or R3a and R2 are taken together to form an ethylene (—CH2CH2—) moiety or a propylene (—CH2CH2CH2—) moiety, or R3a and R4a are taken together to form a propylene (—CH2CH2CH2—) moiety or a butylene (—CH2CH2CH2CH2—) moiety;
• each R4a and R4b is independently H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, halo, cyano, hydroxyl, alkoxy, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acyloxy, acylamino, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, or R4a and R4b are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form a carbonyl moiety or a cycloalkyl moiety, or R4a and R1 are taken together to form an ethylene (—CH2CH2—) moiety or a propylene (—CH2CH2CH2—) moiety, or R4a and R2 are taken together to form a methylene (—CH2—) moiety or an ethylene (—CH2CH2—) moiety, or R4a and R3a are taken together to form a propylene (—CH2CH2CH2—) moiety or a butylene (—CH2CH2CH2CH2—) moiety;
• R5 is H or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl;
• each X1, X2, X3 and X4 is independently N, CH or CR6;
• each m, n, o or p is independently 0 or 1;
• each R6 is independently hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, halo, C1-C8 perhaloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, C1-C8 perhaloalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, carboxyl, carbonylalkoxy, thiol, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, thioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acylamino, aminoacyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, sulfonylamino, sulfonyl, carbonylalkylenealkoxy, alkylsulfonylamino or acyl;
• each R8a, R8b, R8c, R8d, R8e, R8f, R8g and R8h is independently H, hydroxyl, alkoxy, halo, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C8 alkenyl, C1-C8 perhaloalkyl, carboxyl, carbonylalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, C1-C8 alkyl substituted with a carbonylalkoxy, carboxyl or acylamino moiety,
• or is taken together with a geminal R8(a-h) to form a substituted or unsubstituted methylene moiety or a moiety of the formula —OCH2CH2O—, or is taken together with a geminal R8(a-h) and the carbon to which they are attached to form a carbonyl moiety or a cycloalkyl moiety,
• or is taken together with a vicinal R8(a-h) and the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl moiety,
• or is taken together with a vicinal R8(a-h) to form a bond provided when an R8(a-h) is taken together with a vicinal R8(a-h) to form a bond, the geminal R8(a-h) is other than hydroxyl,
• or is taken together with vicinal R2 to form a bond;
• and
• Q is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, alkoxy, aminoacyl, acyloxy, carboxyl, carbonylalkoxy, cyano, alkynyl, aminocarbonylalkoxy, acylamino, or is a group of the formula —CR9═CR10aR10b, wherein R9 is H or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl and R10a and R10b are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocyclyl moiety;
• provided that at least one of m, n, o and p is 1 and one or more of (i)-(v) applies:
• (i) when none of R1, R2, R3a, R3b, R4a and R4b are taken together to form a ring and each X1, X2, X3, and X4 is CH, R5 is an unsubstituted C2-C8 alkyl and Q is other than cyano, aminocarbonyl, dimethylamino and 4-methyl-1-piperazinyl;
• (ii) when none of R1, R2, R3a, R3b, R4a and R4b are taken together to form a ring, each X1, X3, and X4 is CH and X2 is CR6 where R6 is chloro or methoxy, R5 is an unsubstituted C2-C8 alkyl and Q is other than carbonylalkoxy and cyclobutyl;
• (iii) when R1 and R2 are taken together to form a propylene (—CH2CH2CH2—) moiety or a butylene (—CH2CH2CH2CH2—) moiety and both of R3a and R3b are H, Q is other than carboxyl or carbonylalkoxy;
• (iv) when R1 and R4a are taken together to form an ethylene (—CH2CH2—) moiety or a propylene (—CH2CH2CH2—) moiety, X2 is CH or CR6 where R6 is methoxy, benzyloxy or methylthio and both of R3a and R3b are H, Q is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkylidene, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkenylidene, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylidene, substituted amino, aminoacyl, acyloxy, cyano, alkynyl or aminocarbonylalkoxy;
• and (v) when R3a and R4a are taken together to form a propylene (—CH2CH2CH2—) moiety or a butylene (—CH2CH2CH2CH2—) moiety, both of R3b and R4b are H and only one of m, n, o, p is 1, Q is other than carboxyl, 1-naphthyl and 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl.