# US 2013/0157584 A1 · Pumped distributed wave oscillator system

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- Number: US 2013/0157584 A1
- Document ID: US20130157584A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 13/374,165
- Filed: 2011-12-14
- Published: 2013-06-20
- Earliest claimed: 2011-12-14
- Assignees: Waveworks, Inc.
- Inventors: Ahmet Tekin; Ahmed Emira
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20130157584A1

## CPC

- H03L 5/00: Automatic control of voltage, current, or power
- H01Q 3/26: varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture ({H01Q3/12,} H01Q3/22, H01Q3/24 take precedence)
- H03B 5/1212: {the amplifier comprising a pair of transistors, wherein an output terminal of each being connected to an input terminal of the other, e.g. a cross coupled pair}
- H03B 5/1228: {the amplifier comprising one or more field effect transistors}
- H03B 5/1852: {the semiconductor device being a field-effect device}
- H03B 27/00: Generation of oscillations providing a plurality of outputs of the same frequency but differing in phase, other than merely two anti-phase outputs
- H03K 3/0315: {Ring oscillators}
- H03L 7/24: using a reference signal directly applied to the generator
- H04B 1/38: Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H01Q 3/28: varying the amplitude
- H01Q 3/30: varying the {relative} phase {between the radiating elements of an array (H01Q3/2605, H01Q3/2658, H01Q3/2682, H01Q3/44 take precedence)}
- H01Q 3/42: using frequency-mixing {(H01Q3/2676 takes precedence)}
- H03L: AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES (generation of oscillations H03B)
- H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72)
- H03B: GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS (generators adapted for electrophonic musical instruments G10H; masers or lasers H01S; generation of oscillations in plasma H05H)
- H03K: PULSE TECHNIQUE (measuring pulse characteristics G01R; modulating sinusoidal oscillations with pulses H03C; transmission of digital information H04L; discriminator circuits detecting phase difference between two signals by counting or integrating cycles of oscillation H03D3/04; automatic control, starting, synchronisation or stabilisation of generators of electronic oscillations or pulses where the type of generator is irrelevant or unspecified H03L; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M)
- H04B: TRANSMISSION

## Abstract

A Pumped Distributed Wave Oscillator (PDWO) that provides a high purity accurate signal source with multiple oscillation phases. High-accuracy, high-frequency oscillation phases open paths to high performance phased-array transceiver design. Additional noise-canceling, noise-shaping circuit techniques result in enhanced sensitivity in radio design.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A Quarter-Pumped Distributed Wave Oscillator (QPDWO) system comprising
two or more independent electrical conductors forming transmission line loops of a differential medium for traveling wave oscillations;
a plurality of cross-coupled inverting amplifiers distributed along said transmission line loops, said inverting amplifiers further comprising non-complementary metal oxide or bipolar devices;
a plurality of quarter wave (λ/4) shorted transmission line stubs to provide biasing said cross-coupled inverting amplifiers;
a plurality of resistors in series with the biasing (λ/4) stub to eliminate low-frequency lumped mode of oscillation; and
a plurality of varactors to provide tuning for high frequency, high-bandwidth oscillations in the range of at least from about sub-GHz to about THz.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The system according to claim 1, wherein each said independent conductor in said transmission line loops is structured to use the other as a differential sustainer.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The system according to claim 1, wherein said cross-coupled inverting amplifiers use the signal in one of said conductors as booster for the opposing phase traveling in the other said conductor.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The system according to claim 1, wherein said quarter wave (λ/4) shorted transmission line stubs are distributed symmetrically along said independent electrical conductors.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The system according to claim 1, wherein said non-complementary metal oxide or bipolar cross-coupled inverting amplifiers are distributed symmetrically along said independent electrical conductors.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The system according to claim 1, wherein said non-complementary cross-coupled inverting amplifiers comprise NMOS (NPN) or PMOS (PNP) devices.

### Claim 7

An Inductively-Pumped Distributed Wave Oscillator (IPDWO) system comprising
two or more independent electrical conductors forming transmission line loops of a differential medium for traveling wave oscillations;
a plurality of cross-coupled inverting amplifiers distributed along said transmission line loops, said inverting amplifiers further comprising non-complementary metal oxide or bipolar devices;
a plurality of inductors to provide biasing said cross-coupled inverting amplifiers;
a plurality of resistors in series with the biasing inductors to eliminate low-frequency lumped mode of oscillation;
a plurality of parallel capacitors forming Resonant-Pumped Distributed Wave Oscillator (RPDWO) to create resonance at a core traveling wave frequency at bias injections points;
a plurality of varactors to provide tuning for high frequency, high-bandwidth oscillations at least in the range from about sub-GHz to about THz; and
a lumped traveling wave oscillator system where discrete inductors rather than transmission lines are used for the wave oscillation loop path elements.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The system according to claim 7, wherein each said independent conductor in said transmission line loops is structured to use the other as a differential sustainer.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The system according to claim 7, wherein said cross-coupled inverting amplifiers use the signal in one of said conductors as booster for the opposing phase traveling in the other said conductor.

### Claim 10 (depends on 7)

The system according to claim 7, wherein said inductors are distributed symmetrically along said independent electrical conductors.

### Claim 11 (depends on 7)

The system according to claim 7, wherein said non-complementary metal oxide or bipolar cross-coupled inverting amplifiers are distributed symmetrically along said independent electrical conductors.

### Claim 12 (depends on 7)

The system according to claim 7, wherein said non-complementary metal oxide cross-coupled inverting amplifiers comprise NMOS(NPN) or PMOS(PNP) devices.

### Claim 13

A high frequency phased-array transceiver system comprising
a multi-phase low-noise signal source comprising Trigger-mode Distribute Wave Oscillator (TMDWO), Forced-Mode Distributed Wave Oscillator (FMDWO) or Pumped Distributed Wave Oscillator (PDWO);
a front-end phase-shift system coupled with said multi-phase signal source;
a back-end phase-shift system coupled with quadrature phases of said multi-phase signal source;
a radio front-end topology configured to utilize said multi-phase signal source; and
a low-noise multi-element phased-array receiver system coupled with said radio front-end.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The system according to claim 13, wherein multi-phase operation of said TMDWO comprises a trigger mechanism provided by an auxiliary oscillator.

### Claim 15 (depends on 13)

The system according to claim 13, wherein multi-phase operation of said FMDWO comprises a force mechanism.

### Claim 16 (depends on 13)

The system according to claim 13, wherein multi-phase operation of said QPDWO comprises quarter wave (λ/4) shorted transmission line stubs.

### Claim 17 (depends on 13)

The system according to claim 13, wherein said a front-end phase-shift system utilizes phased-array system phases of TMDWO, FMDWO, or PDWO oscillators at the front-end mixers.

### Claim 18 (depends on 13)

The system according to claim 13, wherein said back-end phase-shift system utilizes only the quadrature phases of TMDWO, FMDWO, or PDWO oscillators at the front-end mixers and adjusts the desired amount of phase shift afterwards through cross-coupling the quadrature signal paths with the corresponding amount of coupling coefficient.

### Claim 19 (depends on 13)

The system according to claim 13, wherein said radio front-end topology comprises Blixelter, including balun, LNA, mixer, and noise shaping fifth-order notch filtering in a single folded circuit stage.

### Claim 20 (depends on 13)

The system according to claim 13, wherein said multi-element phased-array receiver system comprises low-noise 4-element phased-array utilizing Blixelter front-end topology with TMDWO, FMDWO, or PDWO wave oscillators as multi-phase signal source providers.