# US 2013/0156816 A1 · Methods and compositions for use in aquaculture

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- Number: US 2013/0156816 A1
- Document ID: US20130156816A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 13/579,813
- Filed: 2011-02-18
- Published: 2013-06-20
- Earliest claimed: 2010-02-19
- Assignees: Chemaphor Inc.
- Inventors: Larry Arthur Stobbs; James Gary Nickerson; Clayton Paul Dick
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20130156816A1

## CPC

- A61K 31/015: carbocyclic
- A23K 20/10: Organic substances
- A23K 20/179: Colouring agents, e.g. pigmenting or dyeing agents
- A23K 50/80: for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
- A61K 9/0056: {Mouth soluble or dispersible forms; Suckable, eatable, chewable coherent forms; Forms rapidly disintegrating in the mouth; Lozenges; Lollipops; Bite capsules; Baked products; Baits or other oral forms for animals}
- A61K 9/007: {Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy}
- A61K 9/1075: {Microemulsions or submicron emulsions; Preconcentrates or solids thereof; Micelles, e.g. made of phospholipids or block copolymers (A61K9/0026 takes precedence)}
- A61K 9/14: Particulate form, e.g. powders, {Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles (microspheres A61K9/16; microcapsules A61K9/50; nanocapsules, nanoparticles of the matrix type A61K9/51)}
- A61K 9/50: Microcapsules {having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals (A61K9/2081 takes precedence; particles with a single coating comprising drug A61K9/167)}
- A61K 9/5015: {Organic compounds, e.g. fats, sugars}
- A61K 9/5036: {Polysaccharides, e.g. gums, alginate; Cyclodextrin}
- A61K 9/5057: {Gelatin}
- A61K 31/00: Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K 31/045: Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
- A61K 31/085: having an ether linkage to aromatic ring nuclear carbon
- A61K 31/115: Formaldehyde
- A61K 31/12: Ketones
- A61K 31/165: having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
- A61K 31/17: having the group >N—C(O)—N< or >N—C(S)—N<, e.g. urea, thiourea, carmustine (isoureas, isothioureas A61K31/155; sulfonylureas A61K31/64)
- A61K 31/24: having an amino or nitro group
- A61K 31/245: Amino benzoic acid types, e.g. procaine, novocaine (salicylic acid esters A61K31/60)
- A61K 31/341: not condensed with another ring, e.g. ranitidine, furosemide, bufetolol, muscarine
- A61K 31/345: Nitrofurans (nitrofurantoin A61K31/4178)
- A61K 31/4164: 1,3-Diazoles
- A61K 31/4168: having a nitrogen attached in position 2, e.g. clonidine
- A61K 31/4184: condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. benzimidazoles
- A61K 31/429: condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K 31/496: Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
- A61K 31/4985: Pyrazines or piperazines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K 31/505: Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K 31/546: containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. cephalothin
- A61K 31/65: Tetracyclines
- A61K 31/662: Phosphorus acids or esters thereof having P—C bonds, e.g. foscarnet, trichlorfon
- A61K 31/7008: Compounds having an amino group directly attached to a carbon atom of the saccharide radical, e.g. D-galactosamine, ranimustine
- A61K 31/7036: having at least one amino group directly attached to the carbocyclic ring, e.g. streptomycin, gentamycin, amikacin, validamycin, fortimicins
- A61K 45/06: Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
- A61P 25/00: Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61K: PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES (devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms A61J3/00; chemical aspects of, or use of materials for deodorisation of air, for disinfection or sterilisation, or for bandages, dressings, absorbent pads or surgical articles A61L; soap compositions C11D)
- A23K: FODDER
- A61P: SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS

## Abstract

The invention features compositions, methods, and kits for the administration of an oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof, for use in aquaculture.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of ameliorating an effect of physical stress in a fish, said method comprising administering to said fish a composition comprising oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof, in an amount sufficient to ameliorate said effect of physical stress, wherein said physical stress arises from overcrowding or from an environmental change, and wherein said oxidatively transformed carotenoid is a mixture formed by a reaction of 6 to 8 molar equivalents of oxygen with a carotenoid and contains an oligomeric component.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said physical stress arises from changes in salinity, temperature, pH, oxidative stress, or exposure to a chemotherapeutic agent.

### Claim 3

A method of ameliorating an effect of physical stress in a shellfish, said method comprising administering to said shellfish a composition comprising oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof, in an amount sufficient to ameliorate said effect of physical stress, wherein said oxidatively transformed carotenoid is a mixture formed by a reaction of 6 to 8 molar equivalents of oxygen with a carotenoid and contains an oligomeric component.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, wherein said physical stress arises from overcrowding.

### Claim 5 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, wherein said physical stress arises from an environmental change.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The method of claim 5, wherein said physical stress arises from changes in salinity, temperature, pH, oxidative stress, or exposure to a chemotherapeutic agent.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said effect of physical stress is concomitant with aggression.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said effect of physical stress concomitant with a decrease in meat quality or marketability.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said effect of physical stress is concomitant with an increase in mortality.

### Claim 10 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, wherein said physical stress is not the result of an inflammatory condition or infection.

### Claim 11

A method of treating a shellfish having, or at risk of, an infection, said method comprising administering to said shellfish oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof, in an amount sufficient to treat said infection, wherein said oxidatively transformed carotenoid is a mixture formed by a reaction of 6 to 8 molar equivalents of oxygen with a carotenoid and contains an oligomeric component.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein said infection is by a bacterium, virus, fungus, protozoan, or parasite.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, wherein said infection is a bacterial infection by bacillus, edwardsiella, renibacterium, flavobacterium, aeromonas, mycobacterium, haemophilus, nocardia, pasteurella, pseudomonas, streptococcus, yersinia, or vibrio spp.; a protozoan infection by amoeba, coccidia, ichthyoptheria, gregarina, or microspora spp.; or a viral infection selected from the group consisting of white spot, infectious pancreatic necrosis, viral hemorrhagic septicemia, infectious hematopoetic necrosis, and spring viremia.

### Claim 14

A method of treating a shellfish having, or at risk of, an inflammatory condition, said method comprising administering to said shellfish a composition comprising oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof, in an amount sufficient to treat said inflammatory condition, wherein said oxidatively transformed carotenoid is a mixture formed by a reaction of 6 to 8 molar equivalents of oxygen with a carotenoid and contains an oligomeric component.

### Claim 15 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, wherein said shellfish is a crustacean selected from the group consisting of shrimp, prawn, lobster, crayfish, and crabs.

### Claim 16 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, wherein said shellfish is a mollusk selected from the group consisting of clams, mussels, oysters, winkles, scallops, and squid.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said fish is selected from the group consisting of catfish, carp, trout, salmon, char, whitefish, sturgeon, tench, roach, pike, pike-perch, sole, turbot, yellowtail, bass, milkfish, tilapia, walleye, gray mullet, eels, angel fish, barb, catfish, cichlids, corydoras, danio, discus, gourami, guppy, koi, loach, minnow, molly, platy, plecostumas, rainbow and platy variatus, rasbora, shark, sword, tetra, botia, knife fish, lionfish, brackish-archer fish, flounder, golby, half beak, mono, needle fish, pipe fish, puffer, scat, bumble bee, twin spot damsel, yellowtail damsel, barbed squirrel, wrasse, black-spotted puffer, trigger fish, puffer, and butterfly fish.

### Claim 18

A method of treating a crustacean having, or at risk of, shell disease, said method comprising administering to said crustacean oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof, in an amount sufficient to treat said shell disease, wherein said oxidatively transformed carotenoid is a mixture formed by a reaction of 6 to 8 molar equivalents of oxygen with a carotenoid and contains an oligomeric component.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said administering comprises oral administration of a feed comprising oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said administering comprises parenteral administration of a bath comprising oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

The method of claim 20, wherein said parenteral administration comprises administration across a gill.

### Claim 22 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said composition comprises fractionated oxidatively transformed carotenoid.

### Claim 23 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said composition comprises unfractionated oxidatively transformed carotenoid.

### Claim 24

A method of administering oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof, to an aquatic animal, said method comprising suspending said oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof, in an aqueous solution and immersing said aquatic animal in said aqueous solution, wherein said oxidatively transformed carotenoid is a mixture formed by a reaction of 6 to 8 molar equivalents of oxygen with a carotenoid and contains an oligomeric component.

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

The method of claim 24, wherein said oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof, is formulated as a microemulsion.

### Claim 26 (depends on 24)

The method of claim 24, wherein said oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof, is formulated as a microparticle.

### Claim 27 (depends on 24)

The method of claim 24, wherein said oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof, is formulated as a suspension sized for administration across the gill of said aquatic animal.

### Claim 28 (depends on 24)

The method of claim 24, wherein said aquatic animal is immersed in a bath, dip, flush, or indefinite bath.

### Claim 29 (depends on 24)

The method of claim 24, wherein said aqueous solution comprises from 0.00001% to 0.05% (w/w) oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof.

### Claim 30 (depends on 24)

The method of claim 24, wherein the step of immersing is performed from 24 hours preceding to 24 hours following subjecting said aquatic animal to a physical stress.

### Claim 31 (depends on 30)

The method of claim 30, wherein said physical stress arises from overcrowding.

### Claim 32 (depends on 30)

The method of claim 30, wherein said physical stress arises from moving, netting, crowding, cleaning, counting, tagging, or transporting said aquatic animal.

### Claim 33 (depends on 30)

The method of claim 30, wherein said physical stress arises from an environmental change.

### Claim 34 (depends on 33)

The method of claim 33, wherein said physical stress arises from changes in salinity, temperature, pH, oxidative stress, or exposure to a chemotherapeutic agent.

### Claim 35 (depends on 24)

The method of claim 24, further comprising oral administration of a feed comprising oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof.

### Claim 36 (depends on 24)

The method of claim 24, wherein the step of immersing is performed to treat an infection in said aquatic animal.

### Claim 37 (depends on 36)

The method of claim 36, wherein said infection is a bacterial infection by bacillus, edwardsiella, renibacterium, flavobacterium, aeromonas, mycobacterium, haemophilus, nocardia, pasteurella, pseudomonas, streptococcus, yersinia, or vibrio spp.; a protozoan infection by amoeba, coccidia, ichthyoptheria, gregarina, or microspora spp.; or a viral infection selected from the group consisting of white spot, infectious pancreatic necrosis, infectious salmon anemia, viral hemorrhagic septicemia, infectious hematopoetic necrosis, and spring viremia.

### Claim 38 (depends on 24)

The method of claim 24, wherein the step of immersing is performed to treat an inflammatory condition in said aquatic animal.

### Claim 39 (depends on 24)

The method of claim 24, wherein said aqueous solution further comprises an anesthetic, antibiotic, or parasiticide.

### Claim 40 (depends on 39)

The method of claim 39, wherein said aqueous solution further comprises an anesthetic of eugenol or tricaine methanesulfonate.

### Claim 41 (depends on 39)

The method of claim 39, wherein said aqueous solution further comprises an antibiotic selected from the group consisting of oxytetracycline, florfenicol, amikacin, ceftazidime, enrofloxacin, nitrofurazone, and trimethoprim sulfadiazine.

### Claim 42 (depends on 39)

The method of claim 39, wherein said aqueous solution further comprises a parasiticide selected from the group consisting of diflubenzuron, fenbendazole, formaldehyde, levamisole phosphate, metronidazole, praziquantel, and trichlorfon.

### Claim 43 (depends on 24)

The method of claim 24, wherein said aquatic animal is a fish.

### Claim 44 (depends on 43)

The method of claim 43, wherein said fish is selected from the group consisting of catfish, carp, trout, salmon, char, whitefish, sturgeon, tench, roach, pike, pike-perch, sole, turbot, yellowtail, bass, milkfish, tilapia, walleye, gray mullet, eels, angel fish, barb, catfish, cichlids, corydoras, danio, discus, gourami, guppy, koi, loach, minnow, molly, platy, Plecostumas, rainbow and platy variatus, rasbora, shark, sword, tetra, botia, knife fish, lionfish, brackish-archer fish, flounder, golby, half beak, mono, needle fish, pipe fish, puffer, scat, bumble bee, twin spot damsel, yellowtail damsel, barbed squirrel, wrasse, black-spotted puffer, trigger fish, puffer, and butterfly fish.

### Claim 45 (depends on 24)

The method of claim 24, wherein said aquatic animal is a shellfish.

### Claim 46 (depends on 45)

The method of claim 45, wherein said shellfish is a crustacean selected from the group consisting of shrimp, prawn, lobster, crayfish, and crabs.

### Claim 47 (depends on 45)

The method of claim 45, wherein said shellfish is a mollusk selected from the group consisting of clams, mussels, oysters, winkles, scallops, and squid.

### Claim 48

A mollusk feed comprising from 0.00001% to 0.005% (w/w) oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof, wherein said oxidatively transformed carotenoid is a mixture formed by a reaction of 6 to 8 molar equivalents of oxygen with a carotenoid and contains an oligomeric component.

### Claim 49

A crustacean feed comprising from 0.00001% to 0.005% (w/w) oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof, wherein said oxidatively transformed carotenoid is a mixture formed by a reaction of 6 to 8 molar equivalents of oxygen with a carotenoid and contains an oligomeric component.

### Claim 50 (depends on 49)

The crustacean feed of claim 49, further comprising from 10% to 60% (w/w) shellfish meal.

### Claim 51 (depends on 49)

The crustacean feed of claim 49, wherein said crustacean feed is in the form of a crumble for use as a starter feed.

### Claim 52 (depends on 49)

The crustacean feed of claim 49, wherein said crustacean feed is in the form of a pellet or flake for use as a grower feed or a finisher feed.

### Claim 53

A composition comprising a mixture of oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof, said composition having an effective particle size of from 20 nm to 10 μM, wherein said oxidatively transformed carotenoid is a mixture formed by a reaction of 6 to 8 molar equivalents of oxygen with a carotenoid and contains an oligomeric component.

### Claim 54 (depends on 53)

The composition of claim 53, wherein said composition has an effective particle size of from 1 μm to 10 μm.

### Claim 55 (depends on 53)

The composition of claim 53, wherein said composition has an effective particle size of from 20 nm to 1 μm.

### Claim 56 (depends on 55)

The composition of claim 55, wherein said composition has an effective particle size of from 50 nm to 700 nm.

### Claim 57 (depends on 53)

The composition of claim 53, wherein said oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof, is encapsulated in an encasing matrix.

### Claim 58 (depends on 57)

The composition of claim 57, wherein said encasing matrix comprises a protein or a carbohydrate.

### Claim 59 (depends on 53)

A kit, comprising:
(i) a composition of claim 53; and
(ii) instructions for (a) mixing said composition with an aqueous solution and (b) immersing an aquatic animal in the aqueous solution.

### Claim 60 (depends on 59)

The kit of claim 59, further comprising instructions for immersing said aquatic animal in a bath, dip, flush, or indefinite bath.

### Claim 61

A kit, comprising:
(i) a feed comprising from 0.00001% to 0.005% (w/w) oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof, wherein said oxidatively transformed carotenoid is a mixture formed by a reaction of 6 to 8 molar equivalents of oxygen with a carotenoid and contains an oligomeric component; and
(ii) instructions for administering said feed to a mollusk.

### Claim 62

A kit, comprising:
(i) a feed comprising from 0.00001% to 0.005% (w/w) oxidatively transformed carotenoid, or a fractionated component thereof, wherein said oxidatively transformed carotenoid is a mixture formed by a reaction of 6 to 8 molar equivalents of oxygen with a carotenoid and contains an oligomeric component; and
(ii) instructions for administering said feed to a crustacean.