# US 2013/0156086 A1 · Methods and apparatus for detecting and decoding adaptive equalization training frames > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2013/0156086 A1 - Document ID: US20130156086A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 13/767,307 - Filed: 2013-02-14 - Published: 2013-06-20 - Earliest claimed: 2007-12-31 - Assignees: Agere Systems Inc. - Inventors: Yasser Ahmed; Xingdong Dai; Mohammad S. Mobin; Lane A. Smith - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20130156086A1 ## CPC - H04L 27/01: Equalisers {(baseband equalizers at the transmitter end H04L25/03343; in analogue transmission systems H04B3/04, H04B7/005)} - H04L 25/4904: {using self-synchronising codes, e.g. split-phase codes} - H04L 7/0066: {detection of error based on transmission code rule} - H04L 7/0083: {taking measures against momentary loss of synchronisation, e.g. inhibiting the synchronisation, using idle words or using redundant clocks} - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) ## Abstract Methods and apparatus are provided for detecting and decoding adaptive equalization training frames (having a frame marker comprised of a string of binary ones and binary zeroes). Training frames are detected by shifting the received data; inserting at least one binary value at one end of the shifted received data to generate a modified version of the received data; applying a logic function to the received data and the modified version of the received data that identifies when corresponding bit positions have different values; and detecting the frame marker when an output of the logic function has a first binary value in an approximate middle of a string of a second binary value. The training frames are decoded using a distance between the approximate center of the frame marker and a predefined binary value in an output of the logic function. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for decoding a received training frame having a frame marker and encoded using a Differential Manchester Encoding technique, comprising: detecting an approximate center of said frame marker; shifting said received data by one or more bit positions; inserting at least one predefined binary value at one end of said shifted received data to generate a modified version of said received data; applying a logic function to said received data and said modified version of said received data, wherein said logic function identifies when corresponding bit positions in said received data and said modified version of said received data have different values; and decoding at least a portion of said received training frame using a distance between said approximate center of said frame marker and a predefined binary value in an output of said logic function. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said decoded portions comprise one or more of a coefficient update field and a status report field. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said predefined binary value in said output of said logic function corresponds to a transition in said received training frame encoded using a Differential Manchester Encoding technique. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said logic function is one or more of an exclusive or function and an exclusive nor function. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of ensuring that at least a portion of said received training frame has substantially similar content over a plurality of consecutive frames. ### Claim 6 An apparatus for decoding a received training frame having a frame marker and encoded using a Differential Manchester Encoding technique, comprising: means for detecting an approximate center of said frame marker; means for shifting said received data by one or more bit positions; means for inserting at least one predefined binary value at one end of said shifted received data to generate a modified version of said received data; a logic circuit for processing said received data and said modified version of said received data, wherein said logic circuit identifies when corresponding bit positions in said received data and said modified version of said received data have different values; and a decoder for decoding at least a portion of said received training frame using a distance between said approximate center of said frame marker and a predefined binary value in an output of said logic circuit. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6, wherein said decoded portions comprise one or more of a coefficient update field and a status report field. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6, wherein said predefined binary value in said output of said logic circuit corresponds to a transition in said received training frame encoded using a Differential Manchester Encoding technique. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6, wherein said logic circuit is one or more of an exclusive or function and an exclusive nor function. ### Claim 10 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising means for ensuring that at least a portion of said received training frame has substantially similar content over a plurality of consecutive frames. ### Claim 11 An apparatus for decoding a received training frame having a frame marker and encoded using a Differential Manchester Encoding technique, comprising: a logic circuit for detecting an approximate center of said frame marker; a data shifting Circuit for shifting said received data by one or more bit positions; a bit generator for inserting at least one predefined binary value at one end of said shifted received data to generate a modified version of said received data; a logic circuit for processing said received data and said modified version of said received data, wherein said logic circuit identifies when corresponding bit positions in said received data and said modified version of said received data have different values; and a decoder for decoding at least a portion of said received training frame using a distance between said approximate center of said frame marker and a predefined binary value in an output of said logic circuit. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said decoded portions comprise one or more of a coefficient update field and a status report field. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said predefined binary value in said output of said logic circuit corresponds to a transition in said received training frame encoded using a Differential Manchester Encoding technique. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said logic circuit is one or more of an exclusive or function and an exclusive nor function. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising means for ensuring that at least a portion of said received training frame has substantially similar content over a plurality of consecutive frames.