# US 2013/0155027 A1 · Optical touch screen systems using total internal reflection > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2013/0155027 A1 - Document ID: US20130155027A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 13/764,812 - Filed: 2013-02-12 - Published: 2013-06-20 - Earliest claimed: 2008-06-19 - Assignees: Neonode Inc. - Inventors: Stefan Holmgren; Lars Sparf; Remo Behdasht; Thomas Eriksson; Michael Lawrence Elyan; Joseph Shain; Anders Jansson; Robert Pettersson; John Karlsson - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20130155027A1 ## CPC - G06F 3/0308: {comprising a plurality of distinctive and separately oriented light emitters or reflectors associated to the pointing device, e.g. remote cursor controller with distinct and separately oriented LEDs at the tip whose radiations are captured by a photo-detector associated to the screen} - G06F 1/1616: {with folding flat displays, e.g. laptop computers or notebooks having a clamshell configuration, with body parts pivoting to an open position around an axis parallel to the plane they define in closed position} - G06F 1/1643: {the display being associated to a digitizer, e.g. laptops that can be used as penpads (details related to the relative motion of the display enclosure with respect to the body enclosure, e.g. to move between laptop and tablet PC configuration G06F1/1615)} - G06F 1/169: {the I/O peripheral being an integrated pointing device, e.g. trackball in the palm rest area, mini-joystick integrated between keyboard keys, touch pads or touch stripes (G06F1/1643 takes precedence; constructional details of pointing devices G06F3/033)} - G06F 3/0421: {by interrupting or reflecting a light beam, e.g. optical touch-screen} - G06F 3/04883: for inputting data by handwriting, e.g. gesture or text - G06F 2203/04806: Zoom, i.e. interaction techniques or interactors for controlling the zooming operation - G06F 2203/04808: Several contacts: gestures triggering a specific function, e.g. scrolling, zooming, right-click, when the user establishes several contacts with the surface simultaneously; e.g. using several fingers or a combination of fingers and pen - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) ## Abstract A touch screen, including a layer of light-transmissive material having an upper surface that is exposed for touch by one or more objects, a plurality of light emitters underneath the upper surface, a first lens assembly for directing light beams emitted by the light emitters into the layer at an angle such that the light beams, when entering the layer, remain confined to the layer by total internal reflection when the light beams are not absorbed by any of the objects touching the upper surface, a plurality of light detectors for detecting light beams and for generating outputs indicating the amounts of light detected, a second lens assembly for directing light beams at a surface of the layer towards the light detectors, and a calculating unit for determining respective one or more locations of the one or more objects touching the upper surface, based on outputs of the light detectors. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A touch screen for a computing device, comprising: a housing; a layer of light-transmissive material mounted in said housing, comprising an upper and a lower surface, wherein said upper surface is exposed for touch by one or more objects from outside of said housing; a plurality of light emitters mounted in said housing underneath said upper surface, for emitting light beams; a first lens assembly mounted in said housing for directing the light beams emitted by said light emitters into said layer at an angle such that the light beams, when entering said layer, remain confined to said layer by total internal reflection at said upper and lower surfaces of said layer when the light beams are not absorbed by any of the objects touching said upper surface; a plurality of light detectors mounted in said housing underneath said upper surface, for detecting light beams and for generating outputs indicating the amounts of light detected; a second lens assembly mounted in said housing for directing light beams at a surface of said layer towards one or more of said light detectors; and a calculating unit, mounted in said housing and connected to said light receivers, for determining respective one or more locations of the one or more objects touching said upper surface, based on outputs of said light detectors, wherein light beams in said layer are partially absorbed at said upper surface when they come into contact with any of the objects. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The touch screen of claim 1 wherein the light-transmissive material comprises glass or plastic that is transparent for infra-red light. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The touch screen of claim 1 wherein the light-transmissive material is a transmissive gel or liquid-filled sac that is transparent for infra-red light. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The touch screen of claim 1 further comprising an optically clear transfer tape to fasten said layer on said first and second lens assemblies. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The touch screen of claim 1 wherein said first lens assembly directs portions of the light beams emitted by said light emitters over said layer above said upper surface, and wherein said second lens assembly directs light beams from above said upper surface to one or more of said light detectors. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The touch screen of claim 1 wherein said first lens assembly directs the light beams emitted by said light emitters into said layer from one or more sides of said layer, and wherein said second lens assembly directs light beams emerging from or more sides of said layer to one or more of said light detectors. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The touch screen of claim 1 wherein said layer and said first and second lens assemblies comprise a single consolidated unit. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The touch screen of claim 1 wherein said light emitters are arranged along two adjacent edges of said layer, wherein said light detectors are arranged along two other adjacent edges of said layer, wherein said light emitters are shift-aligned with said light detectors, and wherein said calculating unit determines respective one or more locations of the one or more objects touching said upper surface, based on outputs of said light detectors being less than outputs expected when no objects touch said upper surface. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The touch screen of claim 1 wherein said light emitters and said light detectors are arranged in an alternating sequence along edges of said layer, and wherein said calculating unit determines respective one or more locations of the one or more objects touching said upper surface, based on outputs of said light detectors being less than outputs expected when no objects touch said upper surface. ### Claim 10 A touch screen for a computing device, comprising: a housing; a layer of light-transmissive material mounted in said housing, comprising upper and lower surfaces, wherein said upper surface is exposed for touch by one or more objects from outside of said housing; a plurality of light emitters mounted in said housing underneath said upper surface, for emitting light beams; a first lens assembly mounted in said housing for directing the light beams emitted by said light emitters into said layer at an angle such that the light beams, when entering said layer, remain confined to said layer by total internal reflection at said upper and lower surfaces of said layer; a plurality of light detectors mounted in said housing underneath said upper surface, for detecting light beams and for generating outputs indicating the amounts of light detected; a second lens assembly mounted in said housing for directing light beams at a surface of said layer towards one or more of said light detectors; and a calculating unit, mounted in said housing and connected to said light receivers, for determining respective one or more locations of the one or more objects touching said upper surface, based on outputs of said light detectors, wherein light beams in said layer are scattered back into said layer at said upper surface when they come into contact with any of the objects, so that said second lens assembly directs them to more of said light detectors than had they not been scattered. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The touch screen of claim 10 wherein the light-transmissive material comprises glass or plastic that is transparent for infra-red light. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The touch screen of claim 10 wherein the light-transmissive material is a transmissive gel or liquid-filled sac that is transparent for infra-red light. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The touch screen of claim 10 further comprising an optically clear transfer tape to fasten said layer on said first and second lens assemblies. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The touch screen of claim 10 wherein said first lens assembly directs portions of the light beams emitted by said light emitters over said layer above said upper surface, and wherein said second lens assembly directs light beams from above said upper surface to one or more of said light detectors. ### Claim 15 (depends on 10) The touch screen of claim 10 wherein said first lens assembly directs the light beams emitted by said light emitters into said layer from one or more sides of said layer, and wherein said second lens assembly directs light beams emerging from or more sides of said layer to one or more of said light detectors. ### Claim 16 (depends on 10) The touch screen of claim 10 wherein said layer and said first and second lens assemblies comprise a single consolidated unit. ### Claim 17 (depends on 10) The touch screen of claim 10 wherein said light emitters are arranged along two adjacent edges of said layer, wherein said light detectors are arranged along two other adjacent edges of said layer, wherein said light emitters are shift-aligned with said light detectors, and wherein said calculating unit determines respective one or more locations of the one or more objects touching said upper surface, based on outputs of said light detectors being less than outputs expected when no objects touch said upper surface. ### Claim 18 (depends on 10) The touch screen of claim 10 wherein said light emitters and said light detectors are arranged in an alternating sequence along edges of said layer, and wherein said calculating unit determines respective one or more locations of the one or more objects touching said upper surface, based on outputs of said light detectors being less than outputs expected when no objects touch said upper surface. ### Claim 19 (depends on 10) The touch screen of claim 10 wherein said first and second lens assemblies comprise a repeating three-sided lens pattern for directing light beams from each of said light emitters in three directions. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The touch screen of claim 19 wherein the light directed from each of said emitters in three directions is received by three of said light detectors situated along three different edges of said layer.