# US 2013/0154475 A1 · High intensity discharge lamp with improved startability and performance > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2013/0154475 A1 - Document ID: US20130154475A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 13/329,878 - Filed: 2011-12-19 - Published: 2013-06-20 - Earliest claimed: 2011-12-19 - Assignees: General Electric Company - Inventors: Agoston BOROCZKI; Akos PETER - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20130154475A1 ## CPC - H01J 61/125: {having an halogenide as principal component} - H01J 61/26: Means for absorbing or adsorbing gas, e.g. by gettering; Means for preventing blackening of the envelope - H01J: ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS (spark-gaps H01T; electric arc lamps H05B31/00; particle accelerators H05H) ## Abstract A lamp includes a discharge vessel; electrodes spaced apart in the discharge vessel comprising tungsten or tungsten alloy; and a fill sealed within the vessel having a pressure between 50-200 mbar. The fill includes: a starting gas which comprises: xenon, krypton, argon or combinations thereof with the exception of pure argon; optionally radioactive Kr85 with a maximum activity level of 0.124 MBq/l as part of the starting gas; and a metal halide component. The lamp includes an active tungsten regeneration cycle wherein the fill comprises a species of the tungsten or tungsten alloy of material of the electrodes during lamp operation, wherein the solubility of tungsten or components of tungsten alloy in the tungsten or tungsten alloy species is lower in a gas phase adjacent to the electrodes than at close proximity of the wall of the discharge vessel. ## Claims ### Claim 1 1) A lamp comprising: a discharge vessel; electrodes spaced apart in the discharge vessel comprising tungsten or tungsten alloy; a fill sealed with the vessel having a pressure below 80 mbar, the fill comprising: a starting gas which comprises: xenon, krypton, argon or combinations thereof with the exception of pure argon; optionally radioactive Kr85 with a maximum activity level of 0.124 MBq/l as part of the starting gas; a voltage riser component; a metal halide component; and an active tungsten regeneration cycle wherein the fill comprises a species of said tungsten or said tungsten alloy of the electrode material during lamp operation, wherein the solubility of tungsten or components of tungsten alloy in said tungsten or tungsten alloy species is lower in the gas phase adjacent to the electrodes than at close proximity of the wall of the discharge vessel. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) 2) The lamp of claim 1, wherein the said tungsten or tungsten alloy species includes an element selected from the group consisting of iodine, bromine, chlorine, oxygen and combinations thereof. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) 3) The lamp of claim 1, the fill comprising a source of oxygen that is selected from a free oxygen gas (O2), a molybdenum oxide, a mercury oxide, a lanthanide oxide, an oxide of tungsten, or a combination of thereof. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) 4) The lamp of claim 3, wherein the source of oxygen is an oxide of tungsten which comprises substantially WO3. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) 5) The lamp of claim 3, wherein the source of oxygen is a free oxygen gas (O2). ### Claim 6 (depends on 3) 6) The lamp of claim 3, wherein the source of oxygen is mercury oxide. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) 7) The lamp of claim 1, wherein during lamp operation, said species of tungsten or tungsten alloy comprises WO2X2 in vapor form, where X is selected from Cl, Br and I. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) 8) The lamp of claim 1, wherein during lamp operation, said species of tungsten or tungsten alloy comprises WnXm in vapor form, where n and m is at least 1, and X is selected from I, Br and Cl. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) 9) The lamp of claim 1, wherein said pressure is between 50-80 mbar. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) 10) The lamp of claim 1 comprising said radioactive Kr85 at said activity level. ### Claim 11 11) A lamp comprising: a discharge vessel; electrodes spaced apart in the discharge vessel comprising tungsten or tungsten alloy; a fill sealed within the vessel having a pressure between 50-200 mbar, the fill comprising: a starting gas comprising: 85-95% argon and 15-5% xenon; optionally radioactive Kr85 with a maximum activity level of 0.124 MBq/l as part of the starting gas; a voltage riser component; a metal halide component; and an active tungsten regeneration cycle wherein the fill comprises a species of said tungsten or said tungsten alloy of the electrode material during lamp operation, wherein the solubility of tungsten or components of tungsten alloy in said tungsten or tungsten alloy species is lower in the gas phase adjacent to the electrodes than at close proximity of the wall of the discharge vessel. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) 12) The lamp of claim 11, wherein the species includes an element selected from the group consisting of iodine, bromine, chlorine, oxygen and combinations thereof. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) 13) The lamp of claim 11, wherein said pressure is between 50-150 mbar. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) 14) The lamp of claim 11 comprising said radioactive Kr85 at said activity level. ### Claim 15 15) A lamp comprising: a discharge vessel; electrodes spaced apart in the discharge vessel comprising tungsten or tungsten alloy; a fill sealed with the vessel having a pressure between 50-200 mbar, the fill comprising: a starting gas which comprises: 70-95% argon and 30-5% krypton; optionally radioactive Kr85 with a maximum activity level of 0.124 MBq/l as part of the starting gas; a voltage riser component; a metal halide component; and an active tungsten regeneration cycle wherein the fill comprises a species of said tungsten or said tungsten alloy of the electrode material during lamp operation, wherein the solubility of tungsten or components of tungsten alloy in said tungsten or tungsten alloy species is lower in the gas phase adjacent to the electrodes than at close proximity of the wall of the discharge vessel. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) 16) The lamp of claim 15, wherein the species includes an element selected from the group consisting of iodine, bromine, chlorine, oxygen and combinations thereof. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) 17) The lamp of claim 15, wherein said pressure is between 50-150 mbar. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) 18) The lamp of claim 15 comprising said radioactive Kr85 at said activity level. ### Claim 19 19) A lamp comprising: a discharge vessel; electrodes spaced apart in the discharge vessel comprising tungsten or tungsten alloy; a fill sealed within the vessel having a pressure of less than 50-200 mbar, the fill comprising: a starting gas which is completely void of argon comprising: at least one of xenon and krypton; optionally radioactive Kr85 with a maximum activity level of 0.124 MBq/l as part of the starting gas; a voltage riser component; a metal halide component; and an active tungsten regeneration cycle wherein the fill comprises a species of said tungsten or said tungsten alloy of the electrode material during lamp operation, wherein the solubility of tungsten or components of tungsten alloy in said tungsten or tungsten alloy species is lower in the gas phase adjacent to the electrodes than at close proximity of the wall of the discharge vessel. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) 20) The lamp of claim 19, wherein the species includes an element selected from the group consisting of iodine, bromine, chlorine, oxygen and combinations thereof. ### Claim 21 (depends on 19) 21) The lamp of claim 19, wherein said pressure is between 50-150 mbar. ### Claim 22 (depends on 19) 22) The lamp of claim 19 comprising said radioactive Kr85 at said activity level. ### Claim 23 23) A lamp comprising: a discharge vessel; electrodes spaced apart in the discharge vessel comprising tungsten or tungsten alloy; a fill sealed with the vessel having a pressure between 50-200 mbar, the fill comprising: a starting gas which comprises: 55-10% argon, 15-5% xenon and 30-5% krypton; optionally radioactive Kr85 with a maximum activity level of 0.124 MBq/l as part of the starting gas; a voltage riser component; a metal halide component; and an active tungsten regeneration cycle wherein the fill comprises a species of said tungsten or said tungsten alloy of the electrode material during lamp operation, wherein the solubility of tungsten or components of tungsten alloy in said tungsten or tungsten alloy species is lower in the gas phase adjacent to the electrodes than at close proximity of the wall of the discharge vessel. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) 24) The lamp of claim 23, wherein said pressure is between 50-150 mbar. ### Claim 25 (depends on 23) 25) The lamp of claim 23 comprising said radioactive Kr85 at said activity level. ### Claim 26 (depends on 23) 26) The lamp of claim 23, wherein said pressure is between 50-80 mbar. ### Claim 27 27) A lamp comprising: a discharge vessel; electrodes spaced apart in the discharge vessel comprising tungsten or tungsten alloy; a fill sealed with the vessel having a pressure between 50-200 mbar, the fill comprising: a starting gas which comprises: 55-10% argon, 15-5% xenon and 30-5% krypton; a radioactive Kr85 with a maximum activity level of 0.124 MBq/l as part of the starting gas; a voltage riser component; a metal halide component; and an active tungsten regeneration cycle wherein the fill comprises a species of said tungsten or said tungsten alloy of the electrode material during lamp operation, wherein the solubility of tungsten or components of tungsten alloy in said tungsten or tungsten alloy species is lower in the gas phase adjacent to the electrodes than at close proximity of the wall of the discharge vessel.