# US 2013/0154364 A1 · Vanadium redox battery energy storage system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2013/0154364 A1 - Document ID: US20130154364A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 13/332,002 - Filed: 2011-12-20 - Published: 2013-06-20 - Earliest claimed: 2011-12-20 - Assignees: Jd Holding Inc - Inventors: Timothy David John Hennessy - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20130154364A1 ## CPC - H01M 8/0488: {of fuel cell stacks} - H01M 8/04604: {Power, energy, capacity or load} - H01M 8/04955: Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells - H01M 8/188: {by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries} - H02J 3/381: {Dispersed generators} - H02J 3/46: Controlling the sharing of generated power between the generators, sources or networks - H01M 8/20: Indirect fuel cells, e.g. fuel cells with redox couple being irreversible (H01M8/18 takes precedence) - H02J 2101/30: Fuel cells - Y02E 40/10: Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS] - Y02E 60/50: Fuel cells - H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract A redox battery energy storage system including multiple energy storage stacks having multiple reactor cells is disclosed. Each of the energy storage stacks may include an integrated DC/DC converter configured to convert an output voltage of the stacks to a higher output voltage. The output of the DC/DC converts may be coupled in parallel to an energy storage system output bus. By configuring the energy storage system in this manner, inefficiencies and losses caused by shunt electrical currents in the systems may be decreased. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A redox battery energy storage system comprising: a plurality of redox battery energy storage stacks, each stack comprising a plurality of reactor cells; and a plurality of integrated DC/DC converters, wherein each DC/DC converter of the plurality of DC/DC converters is integrated with one of the stacks of the plurality of stacks and is configured to convert the output voltage of the one of the stacks to a higher output voltage at a converter output terminal, wherein the converter output terminals of each of the DC/DC converters are coupled in parallel to an output bus. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The redox battery energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of DC/DC converters comprise bi-directional buck-boost DC/DC converters. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The redox battery energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of DC/DC converters comprise high efficiency DC/DC converters. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The redox battery energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the redox battery energy storage stacks are vanadium redox battery energy storage stacks. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The redox battery energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of redox battery energy storage stacks and plurality of DC/DC converters are enclosed in a plurality of modular enclosures, wherein each enclosure of the plurality of the enclosures encloses one of the plurality of stacks and one of the DC/DC converters. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The redox battery energy storage system of claim 5, wherein the modular enclosures comprise intermodal containers. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The redox battery energy storage system of claim 5, wherein the modular enclosures comprise intermodal container frames. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The redox battery energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of redox battery energy storage stacks are communicatively coupled to at least one control signal configured to control the operation of the plurality of redox battery energy storage stacks. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The redox battery energy storage system of claim 8, wherein the control signal configured to control the operation of the plurality of redox battery energy storage stacks based on load demands. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The redox battery energy storage system of claim 9, wherein the control signal is configured to disable at least one redox battery energy storage stack of the plurality of redox battery storage stacks based on reduced load demands. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The redox battery energy storage system of claim 9, wherein the control signal is configured to enable at least one redox battery energy storage stack of the plurality of redox battery storage stacks based on increased load demands. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The redox battery energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the control signal is generated by an external control system. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The redox battery energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the output bus is coupled to an AC/DC converter configured to output AC power to one or more loads. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The redox battery energy storage system of claim 1, wherein each of the redox battery energy storage stacks of the plurality of redox battery storage stacks are configured to nominally output 100. Volts. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The redox battery energy storage system of claim 1, wherein each of the redox battery energy storage stacks of the plurality of redox battery storage stacks comprise 60 reactor cells.