# US 2013/0153087 A1 · Method of treatment of wooden items

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- Number: US 2013/0153087 A1
- Document ID: US20130153087A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 13/765,432
- Filed: 2013-02-12
- Published: 2013-06-20
- Earliest claimed: 2010-01-12
- Assignees: Hot Woods, LLC
- Inventors: Gary D. Bies; Raymond R. Emery; Donald Martin Perkins
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20130153087A1

## CPC

- B27M 1/08: by multi-step processes
- B27K 5/001: {Heating}
- B27K 5/0085: {Thermal treatments, i.e. involving chemical modification of wood at temperatures well over 100°C}
- B27K 5/065: {Hardening}
- F41C 23/18: characterised by the material used (F41C23/08 takes precedence)
- B27K 3/0214: {Drying (drying in general F26B)}
- B27M: WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27K: PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces in general B05; coating wood or similar material B44D); CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- F41C: SMALLARMS, e.g. PISTOLS, RIFLES (functional features or details common to both smallarms and ordnance, mountings therefor F41A; projecting missiles without use of explosive or combustible propellant charge F41B); ACCESSORIES THEREFOR

## Abstract

An improved method for the treatment of wood in preparation for manufacture of wooden items comprising the steps of first heat treating the wood and then fashioning the wood into a finished item, whereby the resulting wooden item is darker, harder, more weather and rot resistant, and more stable than items fashioned from untreated wood.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of preparing a wooden item, said method comprising the following steps:
A. obtain a piece of wood;
B. dry said piece of wood until said piece of wood has a moisture content of less than fifteen percent;
C. place said piece of wood into an oven heated to between 150° C. and 240° C.;
D. allow said piece of wood to be heated by oven for between 2 and 96 hours such that said piece of wood achieves an internal temperature of at least 150° C.; and
E. remove said piece of wood from oven and allow said piece of wood to cool to substantially room temperature;
whereby Steps A through E are to be performed consecutively.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein the piece of wood obtained in Step A is chosen from the group of the following species of tree: African Blackwood (Dalbergia melanoxylon), African Zebrawood (Microberlinia brazzavillensis), Afzelia (Afzelia africana), Agba (Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum), American Basswood (Tilia americana), American Beech (Fagus grandifolia), American Elm (Ulmus americana), American Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana), American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), Applewood (Malus sylvestris), Arizona Cypress (Cupressus arizonica), Australian Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon), Australian Ironwood (Casuarina equisetifolia), Australian Sandalwood (Santalum spicatum), Ayan (Distemonanthus benthamianus), Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum), Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea), Balsam Poplar (Populus balsamifera), Bigleaf Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), Bigtooth Aspen (Populus grandidentata), Black Alder (Alnus glutinosa), Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra), Black Cherry (Prunus serotina), Black Ironwood (Krugiodendron ferreum), Black Locust (Robinia pseudacacia), Black Maple (Acer nigrum), Black Oak (Quercus velutina), Black Poplar (Populus nigra), Black Spruce (Picea mariana), Black Walnut (Juglans nigra), Black Willow (Salix nigra), Blackbean (Castanospermum australe), Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis), Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica), Bloodwood (Brosimum paraense), Blue Ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata), Blue Gum (Eucalyptus saligna), Bocote (Cordia alliodora), Boxelder (Acer negundo), Boxwood (Buxus sempervirens), Brazilian walnut (Swartzia tomentosa), Brazillian Rosewood (Dalbergia nigra), Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata), Brown Mallet (Eucalyptus astringens), Bubing a (Guibourtia demeusei), Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa), Butternut (Juglans cinerea), California Laurel (Umbellularia californica), California Walnut (Juglans californica), Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), Canyon Live Oak (Quercus chrysolepis), Cape Chestnut (Calodendrum capense), Carapa (Carapa guianensis), Catalina Ironwood (Lyonothamnus floribundus), Celery Top Pine (Phyllocladus aspleniifolius), Chestnut (Castanea dentata), Chestnut Oak (Quercus prinus), Chinese Mahogany (Toona sinensis), Chinkapin Oak (Quercus muhlenbergii), Cigar Tree (Catalpa speciosa), Claro Walnut (Juglans hindsii), Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum), Cocobolo (Dalbergia retusa), Common Ash (Fraxinus excelsior), Common Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), Common Ironwood (Pau ferro), Corkwood (Leitneria floridana), Corsican Pine (Pinus nigra), Cucumbertree (Magnolia acuminata), cumaru (Dipyeryx odorata), Desert Ironwood (Olneya tesota), Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides), Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), Eastern Hop hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana), Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus), English Elm (Ulmus procera), English Oak (Quercus robur), European Aspen (Populus tremula), European Beech (Fagus sylvatica), European Larch (Larix decidua), European Yew (Taxus baccata), Flooded Gum (Eucalyptus grandis), Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida), Goncalo Alves (Astronium fraxinifolium), Gray Birch (Betula populifolia), Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), Greenheart (Chlorocardium rodiei), Grey Ironbark (Eucalyptus paniculata), Guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense), Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), Hard maple a/k/a Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum), Hawaiian Sandalwood (Santalum freycinetianum), Hinoki Cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos), Hoop Pine (Araucania cunninghamii), Huon Pine (Lagarostrobos franklinii), Hybrid Poplar (Populus canadensis), Indian Bean Tree (Catalpa bignonioides), Indian Rosewood (Dalbergia sissoo), Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album), Ipe (Tabebuia serratifolia), Iroko (Milicia excelsa), Ironbark (Eucalyptus sideroxylon), Jacaranda (Jacaranda brasiliana), Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana), Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi), Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginate), Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril), Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor), Kauri (Agathis australis), Kaya (Torreya nucifera), Kingwood (Dalbergia cearensis), Lacewood (Grevillea robusta), Laurel Oak (Quercus laurifolia), Lawson's Cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana), Lebombo Ironwood Androstachys johnsonii), Lignum Vitae (Guaiacum officinale), Limba (Terminalis superba), Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda), Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta), Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris), Marblewood (Marmaroxylon racemosum), Marri (Corymbia calophylla), Mediterranean Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), Merbau (Intsia bijuga), Mockernut Hickory (Carya alba), Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata), Mountain Hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana), Noble Fir (Abies procera), Nootka Cypress (Callitropsis nootkatensis), Northern Whitecedar (Thuja occidentalis), Norway Spruce (Picea abies), Nuttall's Oak (Quercus texana), Obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon), Ohio Buckeye (Aesculus glabra), Okoumé (Aucoumea klaineana), Olive (Olea europaea), Oregon Ash (Fraxinus latifolia), Overcup Oak (Quercus lyrata), Pacific Coast Mahogany (Swietenia humilis), Pacific Dogwood (Cornus nuttallii), Pacific Silver Fir (Abies amabilis), Padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii), Panga-panga (Millettia stuhlmannii), Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera), Parana Pine (Araucaria angustifolia), Pear (Pyrus communis), Pecan (Carya illinoinensis), Pehuén (Araucaria araucana), Persian Ironwood (Parrotia persica), Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra), Pink Ivory (Berchemia Zeyheri), Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida), Plains Cottonwood (Populus sargentii), Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa), Post Oak (Quercus stellata), Pumpkin Ash (Fraxinus profunda), Purple Heart (Peltogyne altissima), Purpleheart (Peltogyne paniculata), Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides), Queensland Maple (Flindersia brayleyana), Queensland Walnut (Endiandra palmerstonii), Red Alder (Alnus rubra), Red Cedar (Toona ciliata), Red Cherry (Prunus pensylvanica), Red Elm (Ulmus rubra), Red Mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera), Red Maple (Acer rubrum), Red Oak (Quercus rubra), Red Pine (Pinus resinosa), Red Spruce (Picea rubens), Redgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), Redheart (Erythroxylon mexicanum), Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), Rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum), River Birch (Betula nigra), River Red Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), Rock Elm (Ulmus thomasii), Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Rose Chestnut (Mesua ferrea), Sal (Shorea robusta), Sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum), Sassafras (Sassafras albidum), Satinwood (Chloroxylon swietenia), Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris), Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata), Shellbark Hickory (Carya laciniosa), Sheoak (Allocasuarina casuarinaceae), Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata), Silver Birch (Betula pendula), Silver Fir (Abies alba), Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum), Silver Wattle (Acacia dealbata), Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis), Sonokeling (Dalbergia latifolia), Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum), Southern Blue Gum (Eucalyptus globulus), Southern Live Oak (Quercus virginiana), Southern Mahogany (Eucalyptus botryoides), Southern Red Oak (Quercus falcata), Southern Sassafras (Atherosperma moschatum), Southern Whitecedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides), Spanish-cedar (Cedrela odorata), Sugar Pine (Pinus lambertiana), Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica), Swamp Chestnut Oak (Quercus michauxii), Swamp Cottonwood (Populus heterophylla), Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta), Swamp White Oak (Quercus bicolor), Sweet Birch (Betula lenta), Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus), Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys), Tamarack Larch (Larix laricina), Tambotie (Spirostachys africana), Tasmanian Oak (Eucalyptus regnans), Teak (Tectona grandis), Tupelo Gum (Nyssa aquatica), Turkish Walnut a/k/a English Walnut (Juglans regia), Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera), Wandoo (Eucalyptus wandoo), Water Oak (Quercus nigra), Weeping Willow (Salix babylonica), Wenge (Millettia laurentii), West Indies Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni), Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), Western Larch (Larix occidentalis), Western Redcedar (Thuja plicata), Western White Pine (Pinus monticola), White Ash (Fraxinus americana), White Basswood (Tilia heterophylla), White Birch (Betula pubescens), White Mahogany (Eucalyptus acmenoides), White Oak (Quercus alba), White Spruce (Picea glauca), White Willow (Salix alba), Wild Cherry (Prunus avium), Willow Oak (Quercus phellos), Wych Elm (Ulmus glabra), Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis), Yellow Birch (Betula lutea), Yellow Buckeye (Aesculus flava), Yellow Lapacho (Tabebuia serratifolia), Yellow Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), and York Gum (Eucalyptus loxophleba).

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein the wooden item is one or more of the group of: acoustic guitar fingerboard, electric guitar fingerboard, steel guitar fingerboard, guitar tuning peg, guitar bridge, guitar tail piece, banjo fingerboard, banjo tuning peg, banjo bridge, violin fingerboard, violin tuning peg, violin bridge, violin tail piece, violin chin rest, viola fingerboard, viola tuning peg, viola bridge, viola tail piece, viola chin rest, cello fingerboard, cello tuning peg, cello bridge, cello tail piece, double bass fingerboard, double bass tuning peg, double bass bridge, double bass tail piece, mandolin fingerboard, mandolin tuning peg, mandolin bridge, mandolin tail piece, piano key, organ key, clarinet body, oboe body, gunstock, knife handle, pool cue, toy game piece, chess piece, baseball bat, bed frame, bench, bookcase, bowl, box, bureau, cabinet, chair, chest, clock casing, coat rack, desk, door, flooring, furniture, musical instrument, nightstand, oar, paddle, rack, religious statuary, serving ware, sporting equipment, table, tool handle, wooden toy, kitchen utensil, window frame, window sill, wood carving, and wooden bathtub.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 further comprising the following step:
F. cut said piece of wood into a finished wooden item;
whereby Step F is performed after Step E.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4 wherein the piece of wood is cut into the finished wooden item in Step F by use of a computerized finishing machine.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein the wood dried in Step B is dried in a kiln.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein the wood dried in Step B is air dried.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein the wood heated in Step D is heated for between 36 and 72 hours.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 further comprising the following step:
D′. during Step D, apply a treatment to said piece of wood;
whereby Step D′ is performed concurrently with Step D.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9 wherein the treatment applied in Step D′ is a coolant.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10 wherein the coolant applied in Step D′ is water.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11 wherein the water applied in Step D′ is in the form of steam.

### Claim 13 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11 wherein the water applied in Step D′ is in liquid form.

### Claim 14 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9 wherein the treatment in Step D′ is applied periodically to the piece of wood.

### Claim 15 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9 wherein the treatment applied in Step D′ is applied continuously to the piece of wood.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 further comprising the following step:
A′. create a rough wooden item from the piece of wood;
whereby Step A′ is performed after Step A and before Step B.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16 wherein the wooden item is one or more of the group of: acoustic guitar fingerboard, electric guitar fingerboard, steel guitar fingerboard, guitar tuning peg, guitar bridge, guitar tail piece, banjo fingerboard, banjo tuning peg, banjo bridge, violin fingerboard, violin tuning peg, violin bridge, violin tail piece, violin chin rest, viola fingerboard, viola tuning peg, viola bridge, viola tail piece, viola chin rest, cello fingerboard, cello tuning peg, cello bridge, cello tail piece, double bass fingerboard, double bass tuning peg, double bass bridge, double bass tail piece, mandolin fingerboard, mandolin tuning peg, mandolin bridge, mandolin tail piece, piano key, organ key, clarinet body, oboe body, gunstock, knife handle, pool cue, toy game piece, chess piece, baseball bat, bed frame, bench, bookcase, bowl, box, bureau, cabinet, chair, chest, clock casing, coat rack, desk, door, flooring, furniture, musical instrument, nightstand, oar, paddle, rack, religious statuary, serving ware, sporting equipment, table, tool handle, wooden toy, kitchen utensil, window frame, window sill, wood carving, and wooden bathtub.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16 further comprising the following step:
F. create a finished wooden item from said rough wooden item;
whereby Step F is performed after Step E.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18 wherein the rough wooden item is cut into the finished wooden item in Step F by use of a computerized finishing machine.

### Claim 20

A method of preparing a wooden item, said method comprising the following steps:
A. obtain a rough wooden item;
B. dry said rough wooden item until said rough wooden item has a moisture content of less than fifteen percent;
C. place said rough wooden item into an oven heated to between 150° C. and 240° C.;
D. allow said rough wooden item to be heated by oven for between 2 and 96 hours such that said rough wooden item achieves an internal temperature of at least 150° C.; and
E. remove said rough wooden item from oven and allow said rough wooden item to cool to substantially room temperature;
whereby Steps A through E are to be performed consecutively.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

The method of claim 20 wherein the rough wooden item obtained in Step A is created from a piece of wood chosen from the group of the following species of tree: African Blackwood (Dalbergia melanoxylon), African Zebrawood (Microberlinia brazzavillensis), Afzelia (Afzelia africana), Agba (Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum), American Basswood (Tilia americana), American Beech (Fagus grandifolia), American Elm (Ulmus americana), American Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana), American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), Applewood (Malus sylvestris), Arizona Cypress (Cupressus arizonica), Australian Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon), Australian Ironwood (Casuarina equisetifolia), Australian Sandalwood (Santalum spicatum), Ayan (Distemonanthus benthamianus), Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum), Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea), Balsam Poplar (Populus balsamifera), Bigleaf Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), Bigtooth Aspen (Populus grandidentata), Black Alder (Alnus glutinosa), Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra), Black Cherry (Prunus serotina), Black Ironwood (Krugiodendron ferreum), Black Locust (Robinia pseudacacia), Black Maple (Acer nigrum), Black Oak (Quercus velutina), Black Poplar (Populus nigra), Black Spruce (Picea mariana), Black Walnut (Juglans nigra), Black Willow (Salix nigra), Blackbean (Castanospermum australe), Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis), Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica), Bloodwood (Brosimum paraense), Blue Ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata), Blue Gum (Eucalyptus saligna), Bocote (Cordia alliodora), Boxelder (Acer negundo), Boxwood (Buxus sempervirens), Brazilian walnut (Swartzia tomentosa), Brazillian Rosewood (Dalbergia nigra), Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata), Brown Mallet (Eucalyptus astringens), Bubing a (Guibourtia demeusei), Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa), Butternut (Juglans cinerea), California Laurel (Umbellularia californica), California Walnut (Juglans californica), Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), Canyon Live Oak (Quercus chrysolepis), Cape Chestnut (Calodendrum capense), Carapa (Carapa guianensis), Catalina Ironwood (Lyonothamnus floribundus), Celery Top Pine (Phyllocladus aspleniifolius), Chestnut (Castanea dentata), Chestnut Oak (Quercus prinus), Chinese Mahogany (Toona sinensis), Chinkapin Oak (Quercus muhlenbergii), Cigar Tree (Catalpa speciosa), Claro Walnut (Juglans hindsii), Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum), Cocobolo (Dalbergia retusa), Common Ash (Fraxinus excelsior), Common Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), Common Ironwood (Pau ferro), Corkwood (Leitneria floridana), Corsican Pine (Pinus nigra), Cucumbertree (Magnolia acuminata), cumaru (Dipyeryx odorata), Desert Ironwood (Olneya tesota), Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides), Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), Eastern Hop hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana), Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus), English Elm (Ulmus procera), English Oak (Quercus robur), European Aspen (Populus tremula), European Beech (Fagus sylvatica), European Larch (Larix decidua), European Yew (Taxus baccata), Flooded Gum (Eucalyptus grandis), Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida), Goncalo Alves (Astronium fraxinifolium), Gray Birch (Betula populifolia), Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), Greenheart (Chlorocardium rodiei), Grey Ironbark (Eucalyptus paniculata), Guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense), Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), Hard maple a/k/a Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum), Hawaiian Sandalwood (Santalum freycinetianum), Hinoki Cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos), Hoop Pine (Araucania cunninghamii), Huon Pine (Lagarostrobos franklinii), Hybrid Poplar (Populus canadensis), Indian Bean Tree (Catalpa bignonioides), Indian Rosewood (Dalbergia sissoo), Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album), Ipe (Tabebuia serratifolia), Iroko (Milicia excelsa), Ironbark (Eucalyptus sideroxylon), Jacaranda (Jacaranda brasiliana), Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana), Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi), Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginate), Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril), Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor), Kauri (Agathis australis), Kaya (Torreya nucifera), Kingwood (Dalbergia cearensis), Lacewood (Grevillea robusta), Laurel Oak (Quercus laurifolia), Lawson's Cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana), Lebombo Ironwood Androstachys johnsonii), Lignum Vitae (Guaiacum officinale), Limba (Terminalis superba), Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda), Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta), Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris), Marblewood (Marmaroxylon racemosum), Marri (Corymbia calophylla), Mediterranean Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), Merbau (Intsia bijuga), Mockernut Hickory (Carya alba), Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata), Mountain Hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana), Noble Fir (Abies procera), Nootka Cypress (Callitropsis nootkatensis), Northern Whitecedar (Thuja occidentalis), Norway Spruce (Picea abies), Nuttall's Oak (Quercus texana), Obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon), Ohio Buckeye (Aesculus glabra), Okoumé (Aucoumea klaineana), Olive (Olea europaea), Oregon Ash (Fraxinus latifolia), Overcup Oak (Quercus lyrata), Pacific Coast Mahogany (Swietenia humilis), Pacific Dogwood (Cornus nuttallii), Pacific Silver Fir (Abies amabilis), Padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii), Panga-panga (Millettia stuhlmannii), Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera), Parana Pine (Araucaria angustifolia), Pear (Pyrus communis), Pecan (Carya illinoinensis), Pehuén (Araucaria araucana), Persian Ironwood (Parrotia persica), Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra), Pink Ivory (Berchemia Zeyheri), Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida), Plains Cottonwood (Populus sargentii), Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa), Post Oak (Quercus stellata), Pumpkin Ash (Fraxinus profunda), Purple Heart (Peltogyne altissima), Purpleheart (Peltogyne paniculata), Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides), Queensland Maple (Flindersia brayleyana), Queensland Walnut (Endiandra palmerstonii), Red Alder (Alnus rubra), Red Cedar (Toona ciliata), Red Cherry (Prunus pensylvanica), Red Elm (Ulmus rubra), Red Mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera), Red Maple (Acer rubrum), Red Oak (Quercus rubra), Red Pine (Pinus resinosa), Red Spruce (Picea rubens), Redgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), Redheart (Erythroxylon mexicanum), Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), Rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum), River Birch (Betula nigra), River Red Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), Rock Elm (Ulmus thomasii), Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Rose Chestnut (Mesua ferrea), Sal (Shorea robusta), Sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum), Sassafras (Sassafras albidum), Satinwood (Chloroxylon swietenia), Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris), Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata), Shellbark Hickory (Carya laciniosa), Sheoak (Allocasuarina casuarinaceae), Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata), Silver Birch (Betula pendula), Silver Fir (Abies alba), Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum), Silver Wattle (Acacia dealbata), Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis), Sonokeling (Dalbergia latifolia), Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum), Southern Blue Gum (Eucalyptus globulus), Southern Live Oak (Quercus virginiana), Southern Mahogany (Eucalyptus botryoides), Southern Red Oak (Quercus falcata), Southern Sassafras (Atherosperma moschatum), Southern Whitecedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides), Spanish-cedar (Cedrela odorata), Sugar Pine (Pinus lambertiana), Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica), Swamp Chestnut Oak (Quercus michauxii), Swamp Cottonwood (Populus heterophylla), Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta), Swamp White Oak (Quercus bicolor), Sweet Birch (Betula lenta), Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus), Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys), Tamarack Larch (Larix laricina), Tambotie (Spirostachys africana), Tasmanian Oak (Eucalyptus regnans), Teak (Tectona grandis), Tupelo Gum (Nyssa aquatica), Turkish Walnut a/k/a English Walnut (Juglans regia), Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera), Wandoo (Eucalyptus wandoo), Water Oak (Quercus nigra), Weeping Willow (Salix babylonica), Wenge (Millettia laurentii), West Indies Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni), Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), Western Larch (Larix occidentalis), Western Redcedar (Thuja plicata), Western White Pine (Pinus monticola), White Ash (Fraxinus americana), White Basswood (Tilia heterophylla), White Birch (Betula pubescens), White Mahogany (Eucalyptus acmenoides), White Oak (Quercus alba), White Spruce (Picea glauca), White Willow (Salix alba), Wild Cherry (Prunus avium), Willow Oak (Quercus phellos), Wych Elm (Ulmus glabra), Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis), Yellow Birch (Betula lutea), Yellow Buckeye (Aesculus flava), Yellow Lapacho (Tabebuia serratifolia), Yellow Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), and York Gum (Eucalyptus loxophleba).

### Claim 22 (depends on 20)

The method of claim 20 wherein the wooden item is one or more of the group of:
acoustic guitar fingerboard, electric guitar fingerboard, steel guitar fingerboard, guitar tuning peg, guitar bridge, guitar tail piece, banjo fingerboard, banjo tuning peg, banjo bridge, banjo tail piece, violin fingerboard, violin tuning peg, violin bridge, violin tail piece, violin chin rest, viola fingerboard, viola tuning peg, viola bridge, viola tail piece, viola chin rest, cello fingerboard, cello tuning peg, cello bridge, cello tail piece, double bass fingerboard, double bass tuning peg, double bass bridge, double bass tail piece, mandolin fingerboard, mandolin tuning peg, mandolin bridge, mandolin tail piece, piano key, organ key, clarinet body, oboe body, gunstock, knife handle, pool cue, toy game piece, chess piece, baseball bat, bed frame, bench, bookcase, bowl, box, bureau, cabinet, chair, chest, clock casing, coat rack, desk, door, flooring, furniture, musical instrument, nightstand, oar, paddle, rack, religious statuary, serving ware, sporting equipment, table, tool handle, wooden toy, kitchen utensil, window frame, window sill, wood carving, and wooden bathtub.

### Claim 23 (depends on 20)

The method of claim 20 further comprising the following step:
F. create a finished wooden item from said rough wooden item;
whereby Step F is performed after Step E.

### Claim 24 (depends on 23)

The method of claim 23 wherein the rough wooden item is cut into the finished wooden item in Step F by use of a computerized finishing machine.