Lipid derivatives

A method for the treatment of a condition related to elevated functions of at least one of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms α, γ, or δ, comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a lipid compound of formula (I):

• wherein
• n=0, 1, or 2;
• R1 and R2 are the same or different and are chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, or an alkoxy group;
• X is chosen from COR3 or CH2OR4, wherein R3 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, or an amino group, wherein when R3 is hydroxy, X is optionally a carboxylic acid derivative;
• and R4 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an acyl group;
• and
• Y is an unsubstituted C9 to C21 alkene with at least one double bond having either E or Z configuration, wherein R1 and R2 are not both a hydrogen atom.

A method for the treatment of a condition related to elevated functions of RXR comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a lipid compound of formula (I):

• wherein
• n=0, 1, or 2;
• R1 and R2 are the same or different and are chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, or an alkoxy group;
• X is chosen from COR3 or CH2OR4, wherein R3 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, or an amino group, wherein when R3 is hydroxy, X is optionally a carboxylic acid derivative;
• and R4 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an acyl group;
• and
• Y is an unsubstituted C9 to C21 alkene with at least one double bond having either E or Z configuration, wherein R1 and R2 are not both a hydrogen atom.

A method for the treatment of a condition related to elevated functions of NFkB comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a lipid compound of formula (I):

• wherein
• n=0, 1, or 2;
• R1 and R2 are the same or different and are chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, or an alkoxy group;
• X is chosen from COR3 and CH2OR4, wherein R3 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, or an amino group, wherein when R3 is hydroxy, X is optionally a carboxylic acid derivative;
• and R4 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an acyl group;
• and
• Y is an unsubstituted C9 to C21 alkene with at least one double bond having either E or Z configuration, wherein R1 and R2 are not both a hydrogen atom.

A method for the treatment of an inflammatory disease or condition comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a lipid compound of formula (I):

• wherein
• n=0, 1, or 2;
• R1 and R2 are the same or different and are chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, or an alkoxy group;
• X is chosen from COR3 or CH2OR4, wherein R3 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, or an amino group, wherein when R3 is hydroxy, X is optionally a carboxylic acid derivative;
• and R4 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an acyl group;
• and
• Y is an unsubstituted C9 to C21 alkene with at least one double bond having either E or Z configuration, wherein R1 and R2 are not both a hydrogen atom.

A method for reduction of plasma insulin, blood glucose, and/or serum triglycerides comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a lipid compound of formula (I):

• wherein
• n=0, 1, or 2;
• R1 and R2 are the same or different and are chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, or an alkoxy group;
• X is chosen from COR3 or CH2OR4, wherein R3 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, or an amino group, wherein when R3 is hydroxy, X is optionally a carboxylic acid derivative;
• and R4 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an acyl group;
• and
• Y is an unsubstituted C9 to C21 alkene with at least one double bond having either E or Z configuration, wherein R1 and R2 are not both a hydrogen atom.

A method for the treatment of elevated triglyceride levels, LDL cholesterol levels, and/or VLDL cholesterol levels comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a lipid compound of formula (I):

• wherein
• n=0, 1, or 2;
• R1 and R2 are the same or different and are chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, or an alkoxy group;
• X is chosen from COR3 or CH2OR4, wherein R3 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, or an amino group, wherein when R3 is hydroxy, X is optionally a carboxylic acid derivative;
• and R4 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an acyl group;
• and
• Y is an unsubstituted C9 to C21 alkene with at least one double bond having either E or Z configuration, wherein R1 and R2 are not both a hydrogen atom.

A method for the treatment of a hyperlipidemic condition, comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a lipid compound of formula (I):

• wherein
• n=0, 1, or 2;
• R1 and R2 are the same or different and are chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, or an alkoxy group;
• X is chosen from COR3 or CH2OR4, wherein R3 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, or an amino group, wherein when R3 is hydroxy, X is optionally a carboxylic acid derivative;
• and R4 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an acyl group;
• and
• Y is an unsubstituted C9 to C21 alkene with at least one double bond having either E or Z configuration, wherein R1 and R2 are not both a hydrogen atom.

A method for treatment obesity or an overweight condition comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a lipid compound of formula (I):

• wherein
• n=0, 1, or 2;
• R1 and R2 are the same or different and are chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, or an alkoxy group;
• X is chosen from COR3 or CH2OR4, wherein R3 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, or an amino group, wherein when R3 is hydroxy, X is optionally a carboxylic acid derivative;
• and R4 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an acyl group;
• and
• Y is an unsubstituted C9 to C21 alkene with at least one double bond having either E or Z configuration, wherein R1 and R2 are not both a hydrogen atom.

A method for the treatment of peripheral insulin resistance and/or a diabetic condition comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a lipid compound of formula (I):

• wherein
• n=0, 1, or 2;
• R1 and R2 are the same or different and are chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, or an alkoxy group;
• X is chosen from COR3 or CH2OR4, wherein R3 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, or an amino group, wherein when R3 is hydroxy, X is optionally a carboxylic acid derivative;
• and R4 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an acyl group;
• and
• Y is an unsubstituted C9 to C21 alkene with at least one double bond having either E or Z configuration, wherein R1 and R2 are not both a hydrogen atom.