Compositions and delivery systems with leachable metal ions
AssigneeHollingsworth & Vose Company
InventorsJohn Wertz, Christopher Campion, Yuri Vulfson, Nicolas Clement, Randall Keisler
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Abstract
The disclosure describes compositions and methods for producing a change in the voltage at which hydrogen gas is produced in a lead acid battery. The compositions and methods relate to producing a concentration of one or more metal ions in the lead acid battery electrolyte.
Claims37
A composition comprising glass particles within a polymeric material, wherein the glass particles comprise between about 50 weight percent and about 75 weight percent silica, between about 1 weight percent and about 5 weight percent aluminum oxide, less than about 25 weight percent sodium oxide and a bismuth compound and wherein the composition leaches bismuth ions to a concentration between about 14.3 ppm and about 172 ppm when placed in 0.5 to 1.5 liters of a sulfuric acid solution with a specific gravity of 1.26 at 20° C.
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A composition comprising particles of a bismuth compound within a polymeric material, wherein the composition leaches bismuth ions to a concentration between about 14.3 ppm and about 172 ppm when placed in 0.5 to 1.5 liters of a sulfuric acid solution with a specific gravity of 1.26 at 20° C.
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A lead-acid battery that comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a polymeric separator between the negative and positive electrodes, and an electrolyte in contact with the negative and positive electrodes, wherein the lead-acid battery comprises a means for shifting the voltage at which hydrogen is produced at the negative electrode by between about 10 mV and about 120 mV.
A lead-acid battery that comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a polymeric separator between the negative and positive electrodes, and an electrolyte in contact with the negative and positive electrodes, wherein the lead-acid battery comprises a means for providing metal ions into the electrolyte with a target concentration in the electrolyte that is selected from the group consisting of:
- between about 14.3 ppm and about 172 ppm of bismuth ions,
- between about 2.3 ppm and about 27.2 ppm of nickel ions,
- between about 2.3 ppm and about 27.2 ppm of tin ions,
- between about 4.6 ppm and about 55.1 ppm of antimony ions,
- between about 6.4 ppm and about 77.1 ppm of cobalt ions,
- between about 3.6 ppm and about 42.9 ppm of copper ions, and
- between about 3.6 ppm and about 42.9 ppm of titanium ions.
A lead-acid battery that comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a polymeric separator between the negative and positive electrodes, and an electrolyte in contact with the negative and positive electrodes, wherein the lead-acid battery comprises a means for providing metal ions into the electrolyte with a target concentration in the electrolyte that is selected from the group consisting of:
- between about 42.9 ppm and about 85.8 ppm of bismuth ions,
- between about 6.8 ppm and about 18.2 ppm of nickel ions,
- between about 6.8 ppm and about 18.2 ppm of tin ions,
- between about 13.8 ppm and about 36.7 ppm of antimony ions,
- between about 19.3 ppm and about 51.4 ppm of cobalt ions,
- between about 10.7 ppm and about 28.5 ppm of copper ions, and
- between about 10.7 ppm and about 28.5 ppm of titanium ions.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.