Orientation film, liquid crystal display having orientation film, and method for forming orientation film

A liquid crystal display device comprising:

• an active matrix substrate having a pixel electrode;
• a counter substrate having a counter electrode;
• and
• a vertical-alignment type liquid crystal layer provided between the active matrix substrate and the counter substrate, wherein,
• at least one of the active matrix substrate and the counter substrate further includes an alignment film provided on the liquid crystal layer side;
• the alignment film includes
• a first alignment layer containing a first polyimide, and
• a second alignment layer containing a second polyimide different from the first polyimide and a polymerization product resulting from polymerization of a polyfunctional monomer;
• and
• the polyfunctional monomer is represented by general formula (1) P1-A1-(Z1-A2)n-P2 (in general formula (1), P1 and P2 each independently of the other are an acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinyl, vinyloxy, or epoxy group;
• A1 and A2 each independently of the other represent a 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexane, 2,5-thiophene, or naphthalene-2,6-diyl group;
• Z1 is a —COO— group, a —OCO— group, a —O— group, a —CONH— group or a single bond, where n is 0, 1, or 2).