Scientifically designed barrier screw

A screw for a single-screw extruder comprising:

• a feeding section with a deep depth at the feed end of an extruder, a metering section with a shallow depth at the discharge end of the extruder, and a compression section between the feeding section and the metering section;
• the compression section having at least one pair of a helical main flight with a minimum clearance to the barrel of the extruder and a helical barrier flight with a tight clearance to the barrel;
• the main flight originating at the feed end of the screw and maintaining a substantially constant lead in the feeding section, forming a helical feed channel with a substantially constant channel width and a substantially constant channel depth in the feeding section;
• the main flight increasing its lead at or near the end of the feeding section;
• the barrier flight originating proximate to the pushing side of the main flight, but sufficiently separated from the main flight without creating a dead-spot, at a point downstream of the main flight shortly after the main flight increased its lead, forming a helical solid channel and a helical melt channel in the compression section;
• the minimum clearance of the main flight, or the main flight clearance, being the possible minimum in machining and assembly of the screw and the barrel;
• the tight clearance of the barrier flight, or the barrier flight clearance, being substantially more than the main flight clearance, allowing the melt to flow through the barrier flight clearance from the solid channel into the melt channel, and preventing a solid plastic material from entering the melt channel;
• the feed channel of the feeding section continuing to become the solid channel with substantially the same channel depth and width into the compression section without substantially reducing its channel area, and without blocking the movement of tightly packed solid plastic material from the feed channel into the solid channel;
• the melt channel quickly increasing its width to about 30-50% of the solid channel width over about the initial 10-30% of its length by quickly increasing both leads of the main flight and the barrier flight, afterward keeping its width substantially constant until about 70-90% of its length;
• the melt channel starting with a depth substantially the same or deeper than the depth of the metering section with an opening to the solid channel or the feed channel without creating a dead-spot, and gradually increasing its depth to about 150-200% of the metering channel depth over about 70-90% of its length;
• the melt channel, after about 70-90% of its length, increasing its width to about 50-80% of the combined channel width of the solid channel and the melt channel over about the last 10-30% of its length by increasing the lead of the barrier flight and reducing the solid channel width by substantially the same amount, while increasing its depth to about 170-220% of the metering channel depth over the same length;
• the solid channel starting with substantially the same width as the feed channel width and keeping its width substantially constant over about 70-90% of its length;
• the solid channel starting with substantially the same depth as the feed channel depth and gradually decreasing its depth to substantially the same as the metering channel depth over about 70-90% of its length;
• the solid channel, after about 70-90% of its length, decreasing its width to about 20-50% of the combined channel width of the solid channel and the melt channel over about the last 10-30% of its length, while decreasing its depth to about 20-50% of the metering channel depth over substantially the same length and also significantly increasing the clearance of the barrier flight over the same length;
• the solid channel, at the end, having a relatively shallow depth of about 20-50% of the metering depth to prevent a significant amount of solid material from entering the metering channel, while providing a sufficiently large opening to the metering channel without creating a dead-spot and minimizing the channel area with the shallow depth to avoid excessive heat generation;
• the main flight and the barrier flight interchanging their roles at the end of the compression section by converting the main flight to become a second barrier flight and converting the barrier flight to become a second main flight;
• the flight interchange resulting in switching the positions of the melt channel and the solid channel relative to screw rotation, making the melt distributed from the deep melt channel into the shallow solid channel occur by the drag force of screw rotation without the need of high pressure in the melt channel;
• the melt channel located on a trailing side of the second main flight after the flight interchange quickly decreasing its depth from about 170-220% of the metering channel depth to the metering channel depth over an axial length of the screw of about 1-3 times the diameter of the screw, while the solid channel located on the pushing side of the second main flight after the flight interchange quickly increasing its depth from about 20-50% of the metering channel depth to the metering channel depth over the same axial length of the screw.