Transparent polymeric electrodes for electro-optical structures, process for producing the same, and dispersions used in such processes

A process for producing an electrode, the process comprising:

• (a) providing a substrate;
• (b) applying a dispersion to the substrate and allowing the dispersion to solidify to form a first layer, wherein the dispersion comprises at least one polymeric anion and at least one polythiophene having repeating units corresponding to the general formula (I):
• wherein A in each repeating unit independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C5 alkylene radical, each R independently represents a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C18 alkyl radical, a substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C12 cycloalkyl radical, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C14 aryl radical, a substituted or unsubstituted C7 to C18 aralkyl radical, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C4 hydroxyalkyl radical or a hydroxyl radical, x in each repeating unit independently represents a whole number from 0 to 8, and wherein 50 wt. % of particles in the dispersion are smaller than 50 nm;
• and
• (c) applying at least one organic hole-injecting material to the first layer to form a second layer.