Chemical and Biological Detection Arrays

A method, comprising the steps of

• providing a device having:
• a first substrate;
• a plurality of first raised elements on the first substrate, the first raised elements mutually spaced apart by first channel regions on the first substrate, each of the first raised elements having a first lateral surface and a first distal end, the first distal ends forming a first array;
• hydrophobic molecules on the first lateral surfaces and on the first distal ends;
• and primary reactive molecules on the first distal ends for generating hydrophilic reaction products;
• bringing a hydrophilic liquid into contact with first raised elements;
• and
• determining whether a hydrophobicity-changing reaction occurs between primary reactive molecules on first distal ends of first raised elements and the hydrophilic liquid.