Process for the preparation of ring compounds

A ring compound of formula XIII

• wherein
• Y is a group of formulae XIV to XVII
• wherein one or two CH groups in the aromatic ring systems of formula XIII may each be replaced by N;
• m and n, independently of one another, are identical or different and are each 0 or 1, and the sum m+n is 1 or 2;
• X is a single bond, —CH2—CH2—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C— or
• L, independently of one another, are identical or different and are each R, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, OR, SH, SR, CN, NO2, NO, CHO, COOH, COOR, CONH2, CONHR, CONR2, CF3, NH2, NHR or NR2;
• R is an alkyl, alkenyl or acyl group having up to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by an alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms;
• a, b, c, d, e and f, independently of one another, are identical or different and are each 0, 1 or 2, and the sum a+b+c+d+e+f is 1 to 8;
• and
• R1 and R2 independently of one another, are identical or different and are each H, F, Cl, CN, NCS, a straight-chain or branched, optionally chiral alkyl radical or alkoxy radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkenyl radical or alkynyl radical having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in each of which, in addition, one CH2 group may be replaced by —O—, —CO—, —O—CO—, —COO— or —CH═CH— in such a way that heteroatoms are not linked directly to one another and/or one or more H may be replaced by halogen,
• wherein at least one of R1 and R2 is a branched alkyl radical or branched alkoxy radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, in each of which, in addition, one CH2 group may be replaced by —O—, —CO—, —O—CO—, —COO— or —CH═CH— in such a way that heteroatoms are not linked directly to one another and/or one or more H are each optionally replaced by halogen, and
• wherein in the case where m is 0 or n is 0, one CH2 group in R1 or R2 is optionally replaced by one of the following groups:
• a) trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may each be replaced by —O— or —S—,
• b) a radical from the group consisting of 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene, piperidine-1,4-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, or
• c) 1,4-cyclohexenylene,
• and in which the radicals a), b) and c) may also be substituted by CN and/or halogen.