Toner, method for manufacturing the toner, developer including the toner, container containing the toner, and image forming method and apparatus and process cartridge using the toner

A method of making a toner, comprising:

• dispersing toner particles in an aqueous medium to form an aqueous dispersion;
• adding a particulate material and at least one fluorine-containing surfactant represented by formula (1)
• to said aqueous dispersion;
• and
• externally adding said particulate material to a surface of said toner particles in the presence of said fluorine-containing surfactant to obtain a toner comprising said toner particles and said particulate material,
• wherein
• Rf represents a perfluoroalkyl group;
• R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a hydrocarbon group;
• each of R2 to R4 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a hydrocarbon group;
• A represents a divalent organic group;
• Y represents a counter ion;
• m is an integer and is at least 1;
• and
• a polarity of said fluorine-containing surfactant is different from a polarity of a surface of the toner particles.