Dispersants for hydraulically setting systems

A polymer P having ester groups and comprising

• a) at least one structural unit A of the formula (I);
• b) at least one structural unit B of the formula (II);
• c) at least one structural unit C of the formula (III);
• optionally
• d) at least one structural unit D of the formula (IV);
• and optionally
• e) at least one further structural unit E;
• R1, independently of one another, being H, CH2COOM or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms,
• R2, independently of one another, being H, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, COOM or CH2COOM;
• R3, independently of one another, being H, CH3, COOM or CH2COOM;
• and
• R4, independently of one another, being COOM;
• or R3 together with R4 forming a ring as —CO—O—CO—;
• M being H, a C1-C5 alkyl radical, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or other di- or trivalent metal atoms, ammonium, an organic ammonium group or a mixture thereof;
• and R5, independently of one another, being
• R15 being —[(R11O)x—(R12O)y—(R13O)z]—R14;
• R11, R12 and R13, in each case independently of one another, being a C2-C4 alkylene group with an order of the (R11O), (R12O) and (R13O) units in any possible sequence;
• R14 being H, a C1-C12 alkyl or cycloalkyl radical, a C7-C20 alkylaryl or aralkyl radical, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical;
• x, y, z, independently of one another, each having the values 0-250 and x+y+z being 3-250;
• R6, independently of one another, being H, CH3, COOM, CH2COOM or a substituent as defined for R5 or R7;
• in which R7, independently of one another, is a radical of the formula (V);
• in which R16, independently of one another, is NH, —NH—(R17)q—, O, or —O—(R18)s—,
• In which R17 and R18, in each case independently of one another, are a C1-C12 alkylene group or one or more C2-C4 oxyalkylene groups with an order in any possible sequence;
• in which q, independently of one another, is an integer and has the value 1 if R17 is a C1-C12 alkylene group and in each case has the value 1-150 if R17 is one or more C2-C4 oxyalkylene groups;
• in which s, independently of one another, is an integer and has the value 1 if R18 is a C1-C12 alkylene group and in each case has the value 1-150 if R18 is one or more C2-C4 oxyalkylene groups;
• R8, independently of one another, being H, CH3, COOM, CH2COOM or a substituent as defined for R5 or R7;
• R9 and R10 together forming a ring which optionally contains oxygen, sulfur or further nitrogen atoms;
• or R9 and R10, independently of one another, being H, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C5-C9 cycloalkyl group, a C7-C12 aralkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group or a compound of the formula (VI), (VII) or (VIII),
• R19, independently of one another, being an alkylene group and R20, independently of one another, being a C1- to C4-alkyl group, and
• X, independently of one another, being an S, O or N, where r=1 if X═S or O, or r=2 if X═N;
• R21 being an alkylene group optionally having heteroatoms;
• R11′, R12′ and R13′, in each case independently of one another, being a C2-C4 alkylene group with an order of the (R11′O), (R12′O) and (R13′O) units in any possible sequence;
• R14′ being a C1-C12 alkyl or cycloalkyl radical, a C7-C20 alkylaryl or aralkyl radical, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical;
• and
• x′, y′, z′, independently of one another, having the values 0-100 and x′+y′+z′=1-100.