Potassium channel modulators

A compound having formula (I)

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, prodrug, or a combination thereof, wherein
• ring G1 is benzo, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycle, each of which is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents as represented by T, wherein each T is independently Ga, alkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, oxo, —CN, —NO2, —ORa, —NRaRb, —SRa, —S(O)Ra, —S(O)2Ra, —C(O)Ra, —C(O)ORa, —C(O)NRaRb, —(CRzaRzb)m—CN, —(C RzaRzb)m—NO2, —(CRzaRzb)m—ORa, —(CRzaRzb)m—NRaRb, —(CRzaRzb)m—S(O)Ra, —(CRzaRzb)m—S(O)2Ra, —(CRzaRzb)m—C(O)Ra, —(CRzaRzb)m—C(O)ORa, —(CRzaRzb)m—C(O)NRaRb, or —(CRzaRzb)m-Ga;
• X is C(O) or S(O)2;
• R1 is alkyl, G1a, or —(CR1aR1b)n-G1a wherein one of CR1aR1b groups can optionally be replaced by O, N(H), N(alkyl), S, S(O), or S(O)2;
• R2 is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, —OR2c, —SR2c, —S(O)R2c, —S(O)2R2c, —N(R2d)(R2e), G2a, —(CR2aR2b)p-G2a, —(CR2aR2b)p—OR2c, —(CR2aR2b)p—SR2c, —(CR2aR2b)p—S(O)R2c, or —(CR2aR2b)p—S(O)2R2c;
• R2c, at each occurrence, is independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, G2a, or —(CR2aR2b)p-G2a;
• R2d and R2e, are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, -alkylenyl-alkoxy, -alkylenyl-haloalkoxy, or -alkylenyl-CN;
• G1a and G2a, at each occurrence, are each independently aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, monocyclic cycloalkyl, or polycyclic cycloalkyl;
• each of which is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of Ga, alkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, oxo, —CN, —NO2, —ORa, —NRaRb, —SRa, —S(O)Ra, —S(O)2Ra, —C(O)Ra, —C(O)ORa, —C(O)NRaRb, —(CRzaRzb)m—CN, —(CRzaRzb)m—NO2, —(CRzaRzb)m—ORa, —(CRzaRzb)m—NRaRb, —(CRzaRzb)m—SRa, —(CRzaRzb)m—S(O)2Ra, —(CRzaRzb)m—C(O)Ra, and —(CRzaRzb)m—C(O)NRaRb;
• Ga, at each occurrence, is independently aryl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
• each of which is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, oxo, —CN, —NO2, —ORa, —NRaRb, —SRa, —S(O)Ra, —S(O)2Ra, —C(O)Ra, —C(O)ORa, —C(O)NRaRb, —(CRzaRzb)m—CN, —(CRzaRzb)m—NO2, —(CRzaRzb)m—ORa, —(CRzaRzb)m—NRaRb, —(CRzaRzb)m—SRa, —(CRzaRzb)m—S(O)Ra, —(CRzaRzb)m—S(O)2Ra, —(CRzaRzb)m—C(O)Ra, —(CRzaRzb)m—C(O)ORa, and —(CRzaRzb)m—C(O)NRaRb;
• Ra and Rb, at each occurrence, are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, or haloalkyl;
• R1a and R1b, at each occurrence, are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, or haloalkyl;
• wherein R1a and R1b, together with the carbon atom(s) to which they are attached, optionally form a 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-membered monocyclic cycloalkyl when R1a and R1b are independently alkyl or haloalkyl;
• Rza, Rzb, R2a, and R2b, at each occurrence, are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, or haloalkyl;
• and
• m, n, and p, at each occurrence, are each independently 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• with the proviso that when
• R1 is alkyl, G1a, or —(CR1aR1b)n-G1a;
• wherein G1a is other than polycyclic cycloalkyl, then
• R2 is —OR2c, —SR2c, —S(O)R2c, —S(O)2R2c, G2a, —(CR2aR2b)p-G2a, —(CR2aR2b)p—OR2c, —(CR2aR2b)p—SR2c, —(CR2aR2b)p—S(O)R2c, or —(CR2aR2b)p—S(O)2R2c, wherein R2c, at each occurrence, is independently G2a or —(CR2aR2b)p-G2a;
• and
• G2a is polycyclic cycloalkyl;
• and with the further proviso that when
• R2 is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, —OR2c, —SR2c, —S(O)R2c, —S(O)2R2c, —N(R2d)(R2e), G2a, —(CR2aR2b)p-G2a, —(CR2aR2b)p—OR2c, —(CR2aR2b)p—SR2c, —(CR2aR2b)p—S(O)R2c, or —(CR2aR2b)p—S(O)2R2c;
• wherein R2c, at each occurrence, is independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, G2a, or —(CR2aR2b)p-G2a;
• and
• G2a is other than polycyclic cycloalkyl,
• then R1 is G1a or —(CR1aR1b)n-G1a;
• wherein G1a is polycyclic cycloalkyl.