Method for inhibiting topoisomerase ii

A method of inhibiting topoisomerase II in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound represented by formula (II):

• or a tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• ring A is an aryl or a heteroaryl, wherein the aryl or the heteroaryl are optionally further substituted with one or more substituents in addition to R3;
• R1 is —OH, —SH, —NR7H, —OR26, —SR26, —NHR26, —O(CH2)mOH, —O(CH2)mSH, —O(CH2)mNR7H, —S(CH2)mOH, —S(CH2)mSH, —S(CH2)mNR7H, —OC(O)NR10R11, —SC(O)NR10R11, —NR7C(O)NR10R11, —OC(O)R7, —SC(O)R7, —NR7C(O)R7, —OC(O)OR7, —SC(O)OR7, —NR7C(O)OR7, —OCH2C(O)R7, —SCH2C(O)R7, —NR7CH2C(O)R7, —OCH2C(O)OR7, —SCH2C(O)OR7, —NR7CH2C(O)OR7, —OCH2C(O)NR10R11, —SCH2C(O)NR10R11, —NR7CH2C(O)NR10R11, —OS(O)pR7, —SS(O)pR7, —S(O)pOR7, —NR7S(O)pR7, —OS(O)pNR10R11, —SS(O)pNR10R11, —NR7S(O)pNR10R11, —OS(O)pOR7, —SS(O)pOR7, —NR7S(O)pOR7, —OC(S)R7, —SC(S)R7, —NR7C(S)R7, —OC(S)OR7, —SC(S)OR7, —NR7C(S)OR7, —OC(S)NR10R11, —SC(S)NR10R11, —NR7C(S)NR10R11, —OC(NR8)R7, —SC(NR8)R7, —NR7C(NR8)R7, —OC(NR8)OR7, —SC(NR8)OR7, —NR7C(NR8)OR7, —OC(NR8)NR10R11, —SC(NR8)NR10R11, —NR7C(NR8)NR10R11, —OP(O)(OR7)2, or —SP(O)(OR7)2;
• R3 is —OH, —SH, —NR7H, —OR26, —SR26, —NHR26, —O(CH2)mOH, —O(CH2)mSH, —O(CH2)mNR7H, —S(CH2)mOH, —S(CH2)mSH, —S(CH2)mNR7H, —OC(O)NR10R11, —SC(O)NR10R11, —NR7C(O)NR10R11, —OC(O)R7, —SC(O)R7, —NR7C(O)R7, —OC(O)OR7, —SC(O)OR7, —NR7C(O)OR7, —OCH2C(O)R7, —SCH2C(O)R7, —NR7CH2C(O)R7, —OCH2C(O)OR7, —SCH2C(O)OR7, —NR7CH2C(O)OR7, —OCH2C(O)NR10R11, —SCH2C(O)NR10R11, —NR7CH2C(O)NR10R11, —OS(O)pR7, —SS(O)pR7, —S(O)pOR7, —NR7S(O)pR7, —OS(O)pNR10R11, —SS(O)pNR10R11, —NR7S(O)pNR10R11, —OS(O)pOR7, —SS(O)pOR7, —NR7S(O)pOR7, —NR7S(O)pR7, —OS(O)pNR10R11, —SS(O)pNR10R11, —NR7S(O)pNR10R11, —OS(O)pOR7, —SS(O)pOR7, —NR7S(O)pOR7, —OC(S)R7, —SC(S)R7, —NR7C(S)R7, —OC(S)OR7, —SC(S)OR7, —NR7C(S)OR7, —OC(S)NR10R11, —SC(S)NR10R11, —NR7C(S)NR10R11, —OC(NR8)R7, —SC(NR8)R7, —NR7C(NR8)R7, —OC(NR8)OR7, —SC(NR8)OR7, —NR7C(NR8)OR7, —OC(NR8)NR10R11, —SC(NR8)NR10R11, —NR7C(NR8)NR10R11, —C(O)OH, —C(O)NHR8, —C(O)SH, —S(O)OH, —S(O)2OH, —S(O)NHR8, —S(O)2NHR8,—OP(O)(OR7)2, or —SP(O)(OR7)2;
• R2 is a substituted phenyl, wherein the phenyl group is substituted with:
• i) one substituent selected from nitro, cyano, a haloalkoxy, an optionally substituted alkenyl, an optionally substituted alkynyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl, an optionally substituted aralkyl, an optionally substituted heteraralkyl, hydroxylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, guanadino, —NR10R11, —O—R20, —C(O)R7, —C(O)OR20, —OC(O)R7, —C(O)NR10R11, —NR8C(O)R7, —SR7, —S(O)pR7, —OS(O)pR7, —S(O)pOR7, —NR8S(O)pR7, or —S(O)pNR10R11, or
• ii) two to five substituents selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted alkenyl, an optionally substituted alkynyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl, an optionally substituted aralkyl, an optionally substituted heteraralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, —F, —Br, —I, cyano, nitro, guanadino, a haloalkyl, a heteroalkyl, —NR10R11, —OR7, —C(O)R7, —C(O)OR7, —OC(O)R7, —C(O)NR10R11, —NR8C(O)R7, —SR7, —S(O)pR7, —OS(O)pR7, —S(O)pOR7, —NR8S(O)pR7, or —S(O)pNR10R11;
• and
• R7 and R8, for each occurrence, are, independently, —H, an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted alkenyl, an optionally substituted alkynyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl, an optionally substituted aralkyl, or an optionally substituted heteraralkyl;
• R10 and R11, for each occurrence, are independently —H, an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted alkenyl, an optionally substituted alkynyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl, an optionally substituted aralkyl, or an optionally substituted heteraralkyl;
• or R10 and R11, taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted heterocyclyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl;
• R20, for each occurrence, is independently an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted alkenyl, an optionally substituted alkynyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl, an optionally substituted aralkyl, or an optionally substituted heteraralkyl;
• R26 is a lower alkyl;
• p, for each occurrence, is, independently, 0, 1 or 2;
• and
• m, for each occurrence, is independently, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

A method of inhibiting topoisomerase II in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound represented by formula (III):

• or a tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• ring A is an aryl or a heteroaryl, wherein the aryl or the heteroaryl are optionally further substituted with one or more substituents in addition to R3;
• R1 is —OH, —SH, —NR7H, —OR26, —SR26, —NHR26, —O(CH2)mOH, —O(CH2)mSH, —O(CH2)mNR7H, —S(CH2)mOH, —S(CH2)mSH, —S(CH2)mNR7H, —OC(O)NR10R11, —SC(O)NR10R11, —NR7C(O)NR10R11, —OC(O)R7, —SC(O)R7, —NR7C(O)R7, —OC(O)OR7, —SC(O)OR7, —NR7C(O)OR7, —OCH2C(O)R7, —SCH2C(O)R7, —NR7CH2C(O)R7, —OCH2C(O)OR7, —SCH2C(O)OR7, —NR7CH2C(O)OR7, —OCH2C(O)NR10R11, —SCH2C(O)NR10R11, —NR7CH2C(O)NR10R11, —OS(O)pR7, —SS(O)pR7, —S(O)pOR7, —NR7S(O)pR7, —OS(O)pNR10R11, —SS(O)pNR10R11, —NR7S(O)pNR10R11, —OS(O)pOR7, —SS(O)pOR7, —NR7S(O)pOR7, —OC(S)R7, —SC(S)R7, —NR7C(S)R7, —OC(S)OR7, —SC(S)OR7, —NR7C(S)OR7, —OC(S)NR10R11, —SC(S)NR10R11, —NR7C(S)NR10R11, —OC(NR8)R7, —SC(NR8)R7, —NR7C(NR8)R7, —OC(NR8)OR7, —SC(NR8)OR7, —NR7C(NR8)OR7, —OC(NR8)NR10R11, —SC(NR8)NR10R11, —NR7C(NR8)NR10R11, —OP(O)(OR7)2, or —SP(O)(OR7)2;
• R3 is —OH, —SH, —NR7H, —OR26, —SR26, —NHR26, —O(CH2)mOH, —O(CH2)mSH, —O(CH2)mNR7H, —S(CH2)mOH, —S(CH2)mSH, —S(CH2)mNR7H, —OC(O)NR10R11, —SC(O)NR10R11, —NR7C(O)NR10R11, —OC(O)R7, —SC(O)R7, —NR7C(O)R7, —OC(O)OR7, —SC(O)OR7, —NR7C(O)OR7, —OCH2C(O)R7, —SCH2C(O)R7, —NR7CH2C(O)R7, —OCH2C(O)OR7, —SCH2C(O)OR7, —NR7CH2C(O)OR7, —OCH2C(O)NR10R11, —SCH2C(O)NR10R11, —NR7CH2C(O)NR10R11, —OS(O)pR7, —SS(O)pR7, —S(O)pOR7, —NR7S(O)pR7, —OS(O)pNR10R11, —SS(O)pNR10R11, —NR7S(O)pNR10R11, —OS(O)pOR7, —SS(O)pOR7, —NR7S(O)pOR7, —NR7S(O)pR7, —OS(O)pNR10R11, —SS(O)pNR10R11, —NR7S(O)pNR10R11, —OS(O)pOR7, —SS(O)pOR7, —NR7S(O)pOR7, —OC(S)R7, —SC(S)R7, —NR7C(S)R7, —OC(S)OR7, —SC(S)OR7, —NR7C(S)OR7, —OC(S)NR10R11, —SC(S)NR10R11, —NR7C(S)NR10R11, —OC(NR8)R7, —SC(NR8)R7, —NR7C(NR8)R7, —OC(NR8)OR7, —SC(NR8)OR7, —NR7C(NR8)OR7, —OC(NR8)NR10R11, —SC(NR8)NR10NR11, —NR7C(NR8)NR10R11, —C(O)OH, —C(O)NHR8, —C(O)SH, —S(O)OH, —S(O)2OH, —S(O)NHR8, —S(O)2NHR8,—OP(O)(OR7)2, or —SP(O)(OR7)2;
• R7 and R8, for each occurrence, are, independently, —H, an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted alkenyl, an optionally substituted alkynyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl, an optionally substituted aralkyl, or an optionally substituted heteraralkyl;
• R10 and R11, for each occurrence, are independently —H, an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted alkenyl, an optionally substituted alkynyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl, an optionally substituted aralkyl, or an optionally substituted heteraralkyl;
• or R10 and R11, taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted heterocyclyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl;
• R18 is an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, and optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, or a substituted alkyl, wherein the alkyl group is substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted alkynyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl, an optionally substituted aralkyl, an optionally substituted heteraralkyl, halo, cyano, nitro, guanadino, a haloalkyl, —NR10R11, —OR7, —C(O)R7, —C(O)OR7, —OC(O)R7, —C(O)NR10R11, —NR8C(O)R7, —SR7, —S(O)pR7, —OS(O)pR7, —S(O)pOR7, —NR8S(O)pR7, or —S(O)pNR10R11;
• R26 is a lower alkyl;
• p, for each occurrence, is, independently, 0, 1 or 2;
• and
• m, for each occurrence, is independently, 1, 2, 3, or 4.