# US 2010/0169063 A1 · System and Method of Modeling the Pharmacodynamic Effect to Drugs Delivered to a Patient

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- Number: US 2010/0169063 A1
- Document ID: US20100169063A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 12/347,139
- Filed: 2008-12-31
- Published: 2010-07-01
- Earliest claimed: 2008-12-31
- Assignees: General Electric Company
- Inventors: Laurence M. Yudkovitch; Ronald P. Makin; Rene Coffeng; Michael D. Krajnak
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20100169063A1

## CPC

- A61M 16/01: specially adapted for anaesthetising {(A61M16/104, A61M16/18 take precedence)}
- A61M 16/021: {operated by electrical means (A61M16/202 – A61M16/205 take precedence)}
- A61M 16/085: {Gas sampling}
- G16C 20/30: Prediction of properties of chemical compounds, compositions or mixtures
- G16H 20/17: delivered via infusion or injection
- G16H 50/50: for simulation or modelling of medical disorders
- A61M 16/0833: {T- or Y-type connectors, e.g. Y-piece}
- A61M 16/18: Vaporising devices for anaesthetic preparations
- A61M 2202/0208: Oxygen
- A61M 2202/0283: Nitrous oxide (N2O)
- A61M 2205/3569: sublocal, e.g. between console and disposable
- A61M 2205/3584: using modem, internet or Bluetooth®
- A61M 2205/3592: using telemetric means, e.g. radio or optical transmission
- A61M 2205/502: User interfaces, e.g. screens or keyboards
- A61M 2230/43: Composition of exhalation
- A61M 2230/437: the anaesthetic agent concentration
- G16C 20/80: Data visualisation
- A61M: DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY (introducing media into or onto the bodies of animals A61D7/00; means for inserting tampons A61F13/26; devices for administering food or medicines orally A61J; containers for collecting, storing or administering blood or medical fluids A61J1/05); DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY (surgery A61B; chemical aspects of surgical articles A61L); DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR {(Electrotherapy, e.g. producing anaesthesia by the use of alternating or intermittent currents A61N1/36021)}
- G16C: COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16H: HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA

## Abstract

A system and method of modeling the pharmacodynamic effect of drugs delivered to a patient. The system includes a model database comprising a first drug interaction model and a second drug interaction model. A processing unit determines a first pharmacodynamic effect and a second pharmacodynamic effect and using a dominance rule to compare the first pharmacodynamic effect and a second pharmacodynamic effect to determine a dominant interaction model. A graphical display connected to the processing unit presents the determined dominant interaction model. The method includes the steps of obtaining first, second, and third drug concentrations, applying a first model that models a first pharmacodynamic effect, applying a second model that models a second pharmacodynamic effect and comparing the first pharmacodynamic effect to the second pharmacodynamic effect to determine which of the first model and the second model is the dominant pharmacodynamic model, and presenting the determined dominant pharmacodynamic model on a graphic display.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of a drug interaction computer modeling the pharmacodynamic effect of drugs delivered to a patient, the method comprising the drug interaction computer performing the steps of:
obtaining a first drug concentration;
obtaining a second drug concentration;
obtaining a third drug concentration;
applying a first model from a model database to the first drug concentration and the second drug concentration that models a first pharmacodynamic effect attributable to the interaction of the first drug and the second drug;
applying a second model from the model database to the second drug concentration and the third drug concentration that models a second pharmacodynamic effect attributable to the interaction of the second drug and the third drug;
comparing the first pharmacodynamic effect to the second pharmacodynamic effect to determine which of the first model and the second model is the dominant model; and
presenting the dominant pharmacodynamic model on a graphical display.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 further comprising the drug interaction computer:
obtaining a first drug amount;
calculating the first drug concentration;
obtaining a second drug amount;
calculating the second drug concentration;
obtaining a third drug amount; and
calculating the third drug concentration.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2 wherein the comparison between the first pharmacodynamic effect and the second pharmacodynamic effect further comprises the drug interaction computer:
calculating the pharmacodynamic effect of the interaction between the first drug and the second drug using the first model;
calculating the pharmacodynamic effect of the interaction between the second drug and the third drug using the second model;
combining the calculated first and second pharmacodynamic effects to determine a total pharmacodynamic effect; and
determining a dominant model out of the first model and the second model, wherein the dominant model is the model to which the greater percentage of the total pharmacodynamic effect is attributable.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3 wherein the first model or the second model is dominant if 90% or more of the total pharmacodynamic effect is attributable to that model.

### Claim 5 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, further comprising:
determining if the first model or the second model is invalid; and
if the first model or the second model is invalid, presenting an indication that the first model or the second model is invalid on the graphical display, and if the first and second models are valid, presenting an indication on the graphical display that the models are valid.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The method of claim 5 wherein displaying the pharmacodynamic effect further comprises providing a visual indication on the graphical display when the first model or the second model is invalid.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6 further comprising:
obtaining updated concentrations for the first, second, and third anesthetic drugs;
calculating an updated first pharmacodynamic effect and an updated second pharmacodynamic effect;
comparing the updated first pharmacodynamic effect and the updated second pharmacodynamic effect to determine an updated dominant model; and
displaying the updated pharmacodynamic effect attributable to the updated dominant model on the graphical display.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6 wherein the visual indication indicates which of the first model or second model is invalid.

### Claim 9 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2 wherein the comparison between the first pharmacodynamic effect and the second pharmacodynamic effect uses a first clinician evaluation of the total pharmacodynamic effect.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein the step of obtaining the concentration of the first drug comprises obtaining a virtual concentration of the first drug by obtaining a

### Claim 11

A system for modeling the pharmacodynamic effect of anesthetic drugs delivered to a patient, the system comprising:
an IV anesthetic drug delivery system attached to the patient for the delivery of a first anesthetic drug, the IV anesthetic drug delivery system including a monitor that measures a first anesthetic drug amount delivered to the patient;
an anesthetic gas delivery system attached to the patient for the delivery of a second anesthetic drug to the patient, the anesthetic gas delivery system including a monitor that measures a second anesthetic drug amount delivered to the patient;
a model database comprising a first drug interaction model and a second drug interaction model that models the pharmacodynamic effect experienced by the patient due to one or more anesthetic drugs;
a drug interaction computer connected to the IV anesthetic drug delivery system to receive the first anesthetic drug amount, connected to the anesthetic gas delivery system to receive the second anesthetic drug amount, and connected to the model database to receive the first drug interaction model and the second drug interaction model, the drug interaction computer further receiving an additional anesthetic drug amount that is representative of an amount of an additional anesthetic drug delivered to the patient, the drug interaction computer being configured with computer readable code in order to apply the received first anesthetic drug and anesthetic gas amounts to the first drug interaction model to determine a first pharmacodynamic effect on the patient and to apply the received additional anesthetic drug amount to the second drug interaction model to determine a second pharmacodynamic effect on the patient;
a rules database connected to the drug interaction computer and comprising a dominance rule, the drug interaction computer receiving the dominance rule from the rules database and using the dominance rule to compare the first pharmacodynamic effect and the second pharmacodynamic effect to determine a dominant interaction model; and
a graphical display connected to the drug interaction computer that receives the determined dominant interaction model and presents the pharmacodynamic effect of the dominant interaction model.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11 wherein the rules database further comprises a validity rule, the drug interaction computer receiving the validity rule from the rules database and using the validity rule to make a determination of the validity of the first drug interaction model and the second drug interaction model.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The system of claim 12 wherein the rules database further comprises a selection rule, the drug interaction computer receiving the selection rule from the rules database and using the selection rule to select the first drug interaction model and the second drug interaction model from the model database based upon the anesthetic drugs delivered to the patient.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The system of claim 13 further comprising a conversion function database connected to the drug interaction computer and comprising a conversion function, the drug interaction computer receiving the conversion function and applying the conversion function to the first anesthetic drug amount or the second anesthetic drug amount to convert the first or second anesthetic drug amount to a virtual concentration of an anesthetic drug for which there is a drug interaction model in the model database.

### Claim 15 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11 wherein the processing unit is further configured with computer readable code in order to apply at least one of the first anesthetic drug amounts or the anesthetic gas amount to the second drug interaction model.

### Claim 16

A method of displaying a visual representation of the pharmacodynamic effect of anesthetic drugs delivered to a patient on a graphical display, the method comprising:
obtaining from a patient a first anesthetic drug concentration, a second anesthetic drug concentration, and a third anesthetic drug concentration;
applying the first anesthetic drug concentration and the second anesthetic drug concentration to a first pharmacodynamic model with a drug interaction computer to model a first pharmacodynamic effect attributable to the first anesthetic drug concentration and the second anesthetic drug concentration;
applying the third anesthetic drug concentration to a second pharmacodynamic model with the drug interaction computer to model a second pharmacodynamic effect attributable to the third anesthetic drug concentration;
determining, with the drug interaction computer, which of the first model and the second model is the dominant pharmacodynamic model by comparing the first pharmacodynamic effect and the second pharmacodynamic effect; and
displaying the dominant pharmacodynamic model on the graphical display.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16 wherein the third anesthetic drug concentration and the second anesthetic drug concentration are applied to the second pharmacodynamic model by the drug interaction computer and the second pharmacodynamic effect is attributable to the second anesthetic drug concentration and the third anesthetic drug concentration.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, further comprising:
obtaining from a patient a fourth anesthetic drug concentration;
applying the third anesthetic drug concentration and the fourth anesthetic drug concentration to the second pharmacodynamic model with the drug interaction computer to model the second pharmacodynamic effect attributable to the third anesthetic drug concentration and the fourth anesthetic drug concentration.

### Claim 19 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, further comprising the drug interaction computer:
determining if the first model or the second model is invalid; and
presenting an indication that the first model or the second model is invalid on the graphical display.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The method of claim 19, wherein the first model or the second model is invalid due to the determined presence of a concentration of a predetermined drug.