# US 2010/0167221 A1 · Fuel preheating system

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- Number: US 2010/0167221 A1
- Document ID: US20100167221A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 12/645,428
- Filed: 2009-12-22
- Published: 2010-07-01
- Earliest claimed: 2008-12-26
- Assignees: Yenbu Makine Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S.
- Inventors: Arif CANACIK; Ahmet Donmez
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20100167221A1

## CPC

- F23D 11/44: Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
- F01N 5/02: the devices using heat
- F02M 31/145: {with particular constructional means}
- F23K 5/002: {Gaseous fuel}
- F23K 5/20: Preheating devices (in burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space F23D11/44)
- F23L 15/045: {using intermediate heat-transfer fluids}
- F02M 53/02: with fuel-heating means, e.g. for vaporising
- F23K 2300/206: Control devices
- F23K 2400/10: Pretreatment
- Y02E 20/34: Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
- Y02T 10/12: Improving ICE efficiencies
- F23D: BURNERS
- F01N: GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES (arrangements in connection with gas exhaust of propulsion units in vehicles B60K13/00; combustion-air intake silencers specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines F02M35/00; protecting against, or damping, noise in general G10K11/16)
- F02M: SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F23K: FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS (fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus F23C10/22)
- F23L: SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ({air-supply arrangements for fluent fuels F23C;} firebridges with means for feeding air or steam F23M3/04; baffles or shields with air supply passages F23M9/04); VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS {(dampers and throat restrictors for open fire-places F24; air inlet valves for open fire fronts F24)}; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION

## Abstract

The present invention provides fuel saving systems. Fuel consumption can be reduced by 5% to 40% or more by pre-combustion heating the fuels. The heat exhaust of a combustion chamber can be used to heat a heat transfer fluid, which exchanges heat with the incoming fuel stream.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A system comprising:
a heating chamber configured and arranged to heat a fuel;
a combustion chamber fluidly connected to the heating chamber, wherein the combustion chamber is configured and arranged to receive the fuel heated in the heating chamber and to combust the fuel therein; and
a heat exchange element, wherein the heat exchange element is configured to transfer exhaust heat generated by the combustion chamber to the heating chamber.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the system is constructed and arranged such that exhaust heat is transferred to the heating chamber using a heat transfer fluid.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The system of claim 2, wherein the heating chamber comprises:
(a) an inlet for the heat transfer fluid;
(b) a pipe constructed and arranged to transport the heat transfer fluid;
(c) an outlet for the heat transfer fluid; and
(d) a fuel flow pipe constructed and arranged to allow heat exchange between the fuel and the heat transfer fluid.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The system of claim 3, wherein the heating chamber comprises a cylindrical, triangular prism, or rectangular prism shape.

### Claim 5 (depends on 3)

The system of claim 3, wherein the heat transfer fluid flows through a spiral heating pipe inside the heating chamber.

### Claim 6 (depends on 3)

The system of claim 3, wherein the heating chamber comprises a fuel flow pipe having internal baffles.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured and arranged such that a portion of the fuel is not preheated before entering the combustion chamber.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, further comprising an exhaust chimney in fluidic communication with the combustion chamber.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8, wherein the temperature inside the exhaust chimney is monitored.

### Claim 10 (depends on 2)

The system of claim 2, further comprising a pool system constructed and arranged to reduce the flow of the heat transfer fluid to the heating chamber.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The system of claim 10, wherein the system is configured to engage the pool system to reduce the flow of the heat transfer fluid to the heating chamber when the fuel supply decreases or when the temperature of the fuel entering the combustion chamber exceeds the desired level.

### Claim 12 (depends on 2)

The system of claim 2, further comprising a transfer apparatus to provide positive force to circulate the heat transfer fluid.

### Claim 13

A system comprising:
(a) a heating chamber configured and arranged to heat a fuel, wherein the heating chamber comprises
(i) an inlet for a heat transfer fluid;
(ii) a pipe constructed and arranged to transport the heat transfer fluid;
(iii) an outlet for the heat transfer fluid; and
(iv) a fuel flow pipe constructed and arranged to allow heat exchange between the fuel and the heat transfer fluid, wherein the fuel flow pipe optionally comprises internal baffles;
(b) a combustion chamber fluidly connected to the heating chamber, wherein the combustion chamber is configured and arranged to receive the fuel heated in the heating chamber and to combust the fuel therein;
(c) a heat exchange element, wherein the heat exchange element is configured to transfer exhaust heat generated by the combustion chamber exhaust to the heating chamber using the heat transfer fluid;
(d) a transfer apparatus to provide positive force to circulate the heat transfer fluid; and
(e) optionally comprising a pool system constructed and arranged to reduce the flow of the heat transfer fluid to the heating chamber when the fuel supply decreases or when the temperature of the fuel entering the combustion chamber exceeds the desired level.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The system of claim 13, wherein the heat transfer fluid comprises a mineral oil of formula C12H26—C16H34 and the fuel comprises natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), or compressed natural gas (CNG).

### Claim 15 (depends on 2)

The system of claim 2, wherein the heat transfer fluid comprises a gas phase.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The system of claim 15, wherein the gas phase heat transfer fluid comprises air, hydrogen, inert gases, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur hexafluoride, steam or a combination thereof.

### Claim 17 (depends on 2)

The system of claim 2, wherein the heat transfer fluid comprises a liquid phase.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The system of claim 17, wherein the liquid phase heat transfer fluid comprises water, highly pure deionized water, heavy water, antifreeze, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, or propylene glycol, betaine, polyalkylene glycol, oil, mineral oil, castor oil, silicone oil, fluorocarbon oil, transformer oil, nanofluids or a combination thereof.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The system of claim 18, wherein the heat transfer fluid comprises a mineral oil.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The system of claim 19, wherein the heat transfer fluid comprises a paraffin mineral oil of formula C12H26—C16H34.

### Claim 21 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the fuel entering the system comprises a liquid fuel, a gas fuel, or a combination thereof.

### Claim 22 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the fuel entering the system comprises a gasoline, jet fuel, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), compressed natural gas (CNG), naphtha, propane, diesel, heating oil, kerosene, fuel oil, distillate fuel oil, diesel fuel oil, light fuel oil, residual fuel oil, heavy fuel oil, gasoil, bunker fuel, alcohol fuel, E85, ethanol fuel, ethanol fuel mixtures, biodiesel, biogas, or a combination thereof.

### Claim 23 (depends on 22)

The system of claim 22, wherein the fuel comprises natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), or compressed natural gas (CNG).

### Claim 24 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured and arranged to be retrofit to a preexisting fuel burning system.

### Claim 25 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the system comprises a valve to regulate the pressure of the fuel and/or impede a back flow of the fuel.

### Claim 26 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, further comprising a pressure reducing station, wherein the pressure reducing station is configured to reduce the pressure of the fuel before the fuel enters the heating chamber.

### Claim 27 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, further comprising a volume increasing station, wherein the volume increasing station is configured to increase the volume of the fuel before the fuel enters the heating chamber.

### Claim 28 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of a combustion air is preheated before entering the combustion chamber.

### Claim 29 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the fuel is heated by an additional heat source.

### Claim 30 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein the system comprises one or more of a Britalus rotary engine, Coomber rotary engine, free-piston engine, gas turbine, aeroderivative, turbojet, jet engine, auxiliary power unit, industrial gas turbine, turboshaft engine, radial gas turbine, micro-jet, microturbine, external combustion engine, rotary turbine, internal combustion engine, Internally Radiating Impulse Structure (Iris) engine, turbofan engine, rocket engine, ramjet engine, Minto wheel, orbital engine, Sarich orbital engine, reciprocating engine, piston engine, quasiturbine engine (Quirbines), pistonless rotary engine, rotary combustion engine, RotationsKolbenMaschinen (RKM) engine, Trochilic engine, Engineair engine, Rand cam engine, Atkinson cycle engine, liquid-piston engine, Gerotor engine, split-single engine (twingles), steam engine, reciprocating steam engine, beam engine, stationary steam engine, boiler, multiple expansion engine, uniflow engine, steam turbine, noncondensing turbine, backpressure turbine, condensing turbine, reheat turbine, extracting turbine, Stirling engine, swing-piston engine, oscillating piston engine, vibratory engine, toroidal engine, Tschudi engine, and a Wankel engine.

### Claim 31 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the fuel is heated in the heating chamber by at least 10° C., 15° C., 20° C., 25° C., 30° C., 35° C., or at least 40° C.

### Claim 32 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the fuel enters the combustion chamber at least 5° C., 10° C., 15° C., 20° C., 25° C., 30° C., 35° C., or at least 40° C.

### Claim 33 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the fuel savings provided by the system is at least 5%, 10% 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, or at least 40%.

### Claim 34 (depends on 29)

The system of claim 29, wherein the additional heat source comprises electrical energy, solar energy, hot steam, hot liquid, or combinations thereof.