# US 2010/0164450 A1 · Apparatus, system, and method for providing high efficiency in a power supply over a range of load conditions > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2010/0164450 A1 - Document ID: US20100164450A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 12/346,426 - Filed: 2008-12-30 - Published: 2010-07-01 - Earliest claimed: 2008-12-30 - Assignees: International Business Machines Corporation - Inventors: C. Charles Dishman; Randhir S. Malik - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20100164450A1 ## CPC - H02J 9/005: {using a power saving mode (for copiers G03G15/5004)} - H02J 1/102: being switching converters (H02J1/108, H02J1/12 take precedence) - H02M 3/1584: {with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel} - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) ## Abstract An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for providing high efficiency in a power supply over a range of load conditions. The apparatus includes a condition module that determines whether the power supply is in a high load state or a low load state. A high load module ensures that the load receives power through the power supply's high load power train if the load state is the high load state. A low load module ensures that the load receives power through the power supply's low load power train if the load state is the low load state. The high load power train is optimized for efficiency under high power conditions, while the low load power train is optimized for efficiency under low power conditions. The power supply thus operates with the most efficient power train for the particular load conditions, improving the net efficiency of the power supply. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus for improving the efficiency of a switching power supply at variable load conditions, the apparatus comprising: a condition module that determines that a switching power supply is in a high load state in response to the switching power supply supplying power above a predefined power value and that determines that the switching power supply is in a low load state in response to the switching power supply supplying power below the predefined power value; a high load module that supplies power to a load of the switching power supply using a high load power train in response to the condition module determining that a load state of the switching power supply is the high load state, wherein the high load power train comprises one or more switching power supply stages optimized for high efficiency in high power conditions; and a low load module that supplies power to the load of the switching power supply using a low load power train in response to the condition module determining that the load state is the low load state, wherein the low load power train comprises one or more switching power supply stages optimized for high efficiency in low power conditions. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the high load power train is more efficient than the low load power train when the switching power supply is in the high load state. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the low load power train is more efficient than the low load power train when the switching power supply is in the low load state. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the condition module measures a measured power value for the switching power supply and compares the measured power value with the predefined power value. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the predefined power value is twenty percent of a maximum power capacity for the switching power supply. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the power value is one of an input power value, an input current value, an output power value, and an output current value. ### Claim 7 (depends on 4) The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the measured power value is measured over an interval. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the condition module continuously monitors the load state of the power supply that comprises a high load state and a low load state, and wherein the high load module and the low load module respond to a change in the state of the switching power supply. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the high load module stops supplying power to the load of the switching power supply using the high load power train in response to the condition module determining that the load state is the low load state. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the high load module stops supplying power to the load by stopping switching in the high load power train. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the low load module stops supplying power to the load of the switching power supply using the low load power train in response to the condition module determining that the load state is the high load state. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the low load module stops supplying power to the load by stopping switching in the low load power train. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the high load power train comprises magnetic elements with low direct current (“DC”) losses relative to magnetic losses and semiconductors with low drain to source resistance in the on state (“RDS(on)”) relative to inter-electrode capacitance. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the low load power train comprises magnetic elements with high DC losses relative to magnetic losses and semiconductors with high RDS(on) relative to inter-electrode capacitance. ### Claim 15 A system for improving the efficiency of a switching power supply at variable load conditions, the system comprising: a switching power supply comprising: a high load power train comprising one or more switching power supply stages optimized for high efficiency in high power conditions; a low load power train comprising one or more switching power supply stages optimized for high efficiency in high power conditions; wherein only one of the high load power train and the low load power train is continuously supplying power to a load connected to the switching power supply at a time; a condition module that determines that the switching power supply is in a high load state in response to the switching power supply supplying power to the load above a predefined power value, and that determines that the switching power supply is in a low load state in response to the switching power supply supplying power to the load below the predefined power value; a high load module that supplies power to the load of the switching power supply using the high load power train in response to the condition module determining that the state is the high load state; and a low load module that supplies power to the load of the switching power supply using the low load power train in response to the condition module determining that the state is the low load state. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The system of claim 15, wherein the switching power supply receives an input voltage that is one of an alternating current and a direct current, and wherein the switching power supply provides a regulated output voltage that is one of an alternating current and a direct current. ### Claim 17 A method for improving the efficiency of a switching power supply at variable load conditions, the method comprising: determining that a switching power supply is in a high load state in response to the switching power supply supplying power above a predefined power value; determining that the switching power supply is in a low load state in response to the switching power supply supplying power below the predefined power value; supplying power to a load of the switching power supply using a high load power train in response to determining that the state is the high load state, wherein the high load power train comprises one or more switching power supply stages optimized for high efficiency in high power conditions; and supplying power to the load of the switching power supply using a low load power train in response to determining that the state is the low load state, wherein the low load power train comprises one or more switching power supply stages optimized for high efficiency in low power conditions. ### Claim 18 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, further comprising measuring a measured power value that is one of an input current to the switching power supply, an input power to the switching power supply, an output current of the switching power supply, and an output power of the switching power supply. ### Claim 19 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, further comprising comparing the measured power value with the predefined power value, wherein the predefined power value is a percentage of a maximum power capacity for the switching power supply. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, further comprising continuously monitoring the state of the switching power supply and changing the power train used in the switching power supply in response to detecting a change in the state of the switching power supply.