Surgical hand access apparatus

A surgical access apparatus which comprises:

• an access housing having a housing passageway for receiving an object;
• a seal mounted to the access housing across the housing passageway, the seal adapted to receive the at least one of the hand and the arm in substantial fluid-tight relation;
• and
• a base mountable to the access housing, the base including:
• a flexible liner member positionable within an incision of a patient to at least partially line the incision and having a first end for positioning within the body to engage an inner surface of the body and a second end for positioning external of the body;
• and
• a substantially annular housing mount mounted with respect to the access housing and operatively coupled to the second end of the liner member;
• a substantially annular expandable member in operative engagement with the housing mount, the expandable member expandable to displace the housing mount and the second end of the liner member whereby the liner member engages tissue forming the incision to at least partially retract the incision.

A surgical access apparatus, which comprises:

• an access housing defining a central longitudinal axis and having a longitudinal opening extending therethrough for passage of a surgeon's hand;
• a retractor base mounted to the access housing, the retractor base including a flexible liner for positioning within the incision to engage tissue portions defining the incision;
• a trocar adapter releasably mounted to the access housing, the trocar adapter including:
• a trocar sleeve positioned for reception within the longitudinal opening of the access housing when the trocar adapter is mounted to the access housing, the trocar sleeve having an internal passageway for passage of a surgical instrument;
• an instrument valve having inner valve portions dimensioned and configured to receive a surgical instrument in fluid tight relation therewith;
• and
• a zero closure valve adapted to open to permit passage of the surgical instrument and substantially close in the absence of the surgical instrument;
• and
• a seal mounted to the access housing, the seal having internal seal portions dimensioned and configured to establish a sealing relation with the surgeon's arm or with the trocar sleeve when the trocar adapter is mounted to the access housing in the absence of the surgeon's arm.