Functional Fluid

A concentrate for use in making a functional fluid, the concentrate comprising:

• at least one oil of lubricating viscosity;
• at least one detergent, the detergent being present in the concentrate at a concentration sufficient to contribute an amount of metal to the functional fluid equal to a concentration in the range from about 0.015 to about 1% by weight of the functional fluid, the detergent being present in the concentrate at a concentration sufficient to contribute an amount of basicity to the functional fluid equal to a total base number in the range from about 0.3 to about 2;
• and
• at least one friction modifier, the friction modifier comprising at least two hydrocarbyl groups attached to a polar group or atom, the friction modifier being (a) the reaction product of at least one carboxylic acid or equivalent with at least one aminoalcohol, (c) an amide or thioamide represented by the formula
• R1R2N—C(X)R3
• wherein X is 0 or S, R1 and R2 are each independently hydrocarbyl groups, and R3 is a hydroxyalkyl group or a group formed by the condensation of the hydroxyalkyl group, through a hydroxyl group thereof, with an acylating agent, (d) at least one tertiary amine containing two hydrocarbyl groups and a polyhydroxyl-containing alkyl group or a polyhydroxyl-containing alkoxyalkyl group, or (e) a mixture of two or more of (a), (c) and (d) or a mixture of one or more of (a), (c) and (d) with (b) the reaction product of at least one carboxylic acid or equivalent with at least one polyamine.

A functional fluid comprising:

• at least one oil of lubricating viscosity;
• at least one detergent, the detergent contributing an amount of metal to the functional fluid equal to a concentration in the range from about 0.015 to about 1% by weight of the functional fluid, the detergent contributing an amount of basicity to the functional fluid equal to a total base number in the range from about 0.4 to about 1;
• and
• at least one friction modifier, the friction modifier comprising at least two hydrocarbyl groups attached to a polar group or atom, the friction modifier being (a) the reaction product of at least one carboxylic acid or equivalent with at least one aminoalcohol, (b) the reaction product of at least one carboxylic acid or equivalent with at least one polyamine, (c) an amide or thioamide represented by the formula
• R1R2N—C(X)R3
• wherein X is 0 or S, R1 and R2 are each independently hydrocarbyl groups, and R3 is a hydroxyalkyl group or a group formed by the condensation of the hydroxyalkyl group, through a hydroxyl group thereof, with an acylating agent, (d) at least one tertiary amine containing two hydrocarbyl groups and a polyhydroxyl-containing alkyl group or a polyhydroxyl-containing alkoxyalkyl group, or (e) a mixture of two or more of (a), (b), (c) and (d).