Nitroxides for lithium-ion batteries

A rechargeable lithium-ion cell comprising:

• (a) a positive electrode,
• (b) a negative electrode and
• (c) an electrolyte comprising
• (i) a lithium salt,
• (ii) a polar aprotic solvent and
• (iii) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of formula (d1)-(d6)
• wherein
• G is
• X is O or S;
• when X is O,
• then R6 and R7 are electron pairs;
• when X is S,
• then R6 and R7 are independently an electron pair or ═O;
• Y is —CH2—O—CH2—, —CH2—S—CH2—, —CH2—S(═O)—CH2—, —CH2—S(═O)2—CH2—,
• A− and D− are independently an anion of an organic or inorganic acid;
• indicates a free valence;
• R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently C1-C18alkyl, C6-C10aryl, C5-C8heteroaryl, C7-C11aralkyl or C5-C6-cycloalkyl;
• said alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl substituted by one or more F;
• said alkyl and/or cycloalkyl interrupted by one or more heteroatomgroup;
• said alkyl and/or cycloalkyl substituted by one or more heteroatomgroup;
• said alkyl and/or cycloalkyl both interrupted by and substituted by one or more heteroatomgroups;
• or said aryl, heteroaryl and/or aralkyl substituted by 1 to 4 C1-C4alkyl;
• or
• R1 and R2 and/or R3 and R4 form together with the linking carbon atom a C4-C13cycloalkylbiradical which is unsubstituted or substituted by F;
• R5 is H, OH, C1-C16, alkyl, C6-C10aryl, C2-C18alkenyl, C2-C18alkinyl, C5-C6cycloalkyl, glycidyl, —CO—R16, —CO—NH—R16, —CON(R16)(R17), —O—CO—R16, CO—OR12, —PO(OR12)(OR13), —S(═O)2R12, —SR12, —S(═O)2R12, —S(═O)2R12, —S—OR12, —S(═O)—OR12, —SiR16R17R18, —CN or halogen;
• said alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl or cycloalkyl substituted by one or more F;
• said alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl or cycloalkyl interrupted by one or more heteroatomgroup;
• said alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl or cycloalkyl substituted by one or more heteroatomgroup;
• said alkyl and/or cycloalkyl both interrupted by and substituted by one or more heteroatomgroups;
• aryl or aralkyl substituted by 1 to 4 C1-C4alkyl;
• or R5 is a multivalent core with more than one structural units (d1)-(d4) or (d6) attached;
• R8 and R9 are independently —CH2O—C1-C18alkyl, —Ch2NH—CO—C1-C18alkyl or as defined for R1;
• or R8 and R9 form together with the linking carbon atom a
• group
• R10 and R11 are independently H or CH3;
• R12 and R13 are independently H, NH4, Li, Na, K or as defined for R16;
• R14, R15 are independently H or C1-C8 Alkyl;
• or R14 and R15 form together with the linking carbon atom a C4-C13cycloalkylbiradical;
• R16, R17 and R18 are independently C1-C18alkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, C6-C10aryl, C5-C8heteroaryl, C7-C11aralkyl or C5-C6cycloalkyl;
• said alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl substituted by one or more F;
• said alkyl and/or cycloalkyl interrupted by one or more heteroatomgroup;
• said alkyl and/or cycloalkyl substituted by one or more heteroatomgroup;
• said alkyl and/or cycloalkyl both interrupted by and substituted by one or more heteroatomgroups;
• or said aryl, heteroaryl and/or aralkyl substituted by 1 to 4 C1-C4alkyl;
• R20, R21 and R22 are independently C1-C18alkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, C6-C10aryl, C5-C8heteroaryl, C7-C11aralkyl or C5-C8cycloalkyl;
• or said alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl substituted by one or more F;
• and
• R23 is H, NH4, Li, Na, K or as defined for R20, preferably H or C1-C18alkyl;
• R24 is C1-C18alkyl, C6-C10aryl, C5-C8heteroaryl, C7-C11aralkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, C2-C18alkinyl, C5-C6cycloalkyl or glycidyl;
• R25 and R26 are independently H, C1-C18alkyl, C6-C10aryl, C7-C11aralkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, C2-C18alkinyl, C5-C6cycloalkyl or glycidyl;
• R27 is C1-C18alkyl, C6-C10aryl —O—C1-C18 alkyl or —O—C6-C10aryl;
• R28 is H, —OH, C1-C18alkyl, C6-C10aryl, C5-C6cycloalkyl, —O—C6-C10aryl or —OQ, where Q is NH4, Li, Na or K.