Reliable, high-throughput, high-performance transport and routing mechanism for arbitrary data flows

An overlay network that provides a plurality of client machines remote access to an application executing on a target server, wherein each client machine communicates with the application over the Internet using Internet Protocol (IP) transport, comprising:

• a domain name service that is authoritative for a hostname associated with the application;
• a first server, a set of second servers, and a third server, wherein each server in the overlay network receives and processes communications over IP, the first server having a virtual IP address determined by resolution of the hostname associated with the application;
• wherein, for each IP-based request data packet to be communicated between a client machine and the application executing on the target server, the first server encapsulates the request data packet, duplicates the request data packet as encapsulated, and forwards the request data packet as encapsulated to the third server, the request data packet being forwarded to the third server over each of a set of paths that include at least one second server, the set of paths including at least first and second paths from the first server to the third server that do not share a same second server, the first server subsequently receiving a response to the request data packet at the virtual IP address;
• and
• wherein the third server processes received data to recover the request data packet, applies a network address translation to the request data packet as recovered, and forwards the request data packet to the target server for further processing by the application, wherein the network address translation also applies a source NAT to the packet before it is forwarded to the target server.